Browsing by Author "Assefa, Yonas"

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    Assessment on Family Planning Utilization among Model and Non Model Family Women Enrolled in Urban Health Extension Program in Kirkos Sub-City Administration
    (Addis Ababa University, 2015-05) Assefa, Yonas; Addissie, Mesfin(PhD)
    Background In 2003, the Ethiopian Federal Ministry of Health (FMOH) launched a new health care plan, the “Accelerated Expansion of Primary Health Care Coverage,” through a comprehensive Health Extension Program (HEP).Recognizing the huge gap between need and health care services available, the FMOH has focused on “providing quality promotive, preventive, and selected curative health care services in an accessible and equitable manner to reach all segments of the population, with special attention to mothers and children (10). Objective To assess on family planning service utilization among model and non model family women enrolled in urban health extension program of kirkos sub-city administration. Method A cross sectional study design using a quantitative method was used .A total of 424 (212 model families and 212 non-model families) participated the study. To establish associations between dependent and independent variables, P values were used. Chi-square test was used to select associated independent variables for multiple logistic regressions. Adjusted ORs that controls the confounding effects of other covariates were calculated using the multiple logistic regression models of SPSS version 16 statistical programs. Statistical significance was considered at Pvalue less than 0.05. Result More in model than non model families (100% versus 93.4% respectively) have heard about cp methods (with p value=0.0002). From those ever use one of contraceptive methods, large proportion study population 210(81.08%) [109(78.4%)) and 101 (84.1%),) model and non model respectively] were they prefer to be informed by health professional and followed by other (like friend husband..) were 27(10.42%) [18(12.9%) and 9(7.5%) for model and non model families respectively] , media (radio and Tv) were 15(5.79%) [5(3.59) and10 (8.33%) for model and non model families respectively] and finally and the lest referred choice of study population were7 (2.7%) [7(5%) and 0 (0) for model and non model families respectively] with X2 =4.21, p value =0.000021. Conclusion the contribution of UHEP on FP utilization can be measured by considering the provision of the program in all aspects of FP service utilization like let the community to inform about the service and then to be as the major preferable informed choice for them. By this measurement the UHEP programs lacks the aspects expected to be done, as we have mentioned earlier. Recommendation FMOH should see the implementation strategies of UHEP on providing and upgrading family planning service
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    Evaluation of Processing Factors in Screw Expeller and Comparison With Other Extraction Methods of Ethiopian Shea (Vitlleria Paradoxa) Butter
    (Addis Ababa University, 2014) Assefa, Yonas; Feleke, Sisaye(Professor)
    Shea butter is a versatile plant fat extracted from kernels of Shea nuts, seeds of Shea trees (Vitellaria paradoxa). Shea butter has long been used in Gambella, Ethiopia and other part of Sub-Saharan region, Africa. It has been used for food, medicinal, and cosmetics applications. In the manufacture of chocolate Shea butter used as cocoa butter equivalent or replacer also as ingredient in cosmetics. The nutritional composition, physicochemical property and fatty acid profiles of Shea butter depend on pretreatment and extraction method. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of processing factors in screw expeller; and different extraction methods (screw expeller, solvent, combined and manual pressing) on nutritional composition, physicochemical properties and fatty acid profiles of Shea butter (Vitellaria paradoxa) subspecies nilotica from Phugnido district Gambella, Ethiopia. The combined effects of conditioning time (CT), kernel moisture content (MC) and pressing temperature (PT) in screw expeller were investigated by a 33 full factorial design combined with response surface methodology, selecting the butter yield, fines content in butter (foot), minerals and butter quality (refractive index, acidity, peroxide value) as the response variables. The model enabled to identify the optimum operating settings for maximize butter yield, under which it predicted 42.1 g/100 g d.w yield and 83.13 % extraction efficiency. Conformation run was conducted to affirm the predicted values and the resulted butter was used for quality comparison with other extraction methods. In the comparison among extraction methods, specific gravity (0.8881 – 0.9046), viscosity (25.63 – 55.10), refractive index (1.4666 – 1.4676), melting point (35.33 – 36.33 oC), acid value (1.5 – 2.6 mg KOH/g), peroxide value (3.7 – 49.4 mEq/kg), iodine value (53.03 – 57.74 g I2/100 g), saponification value (194.40 – 206.74 mg KOH/g), unsaponifiable matter (3.27 – 3.75 %) and oxidative stability index (2.3 – 12.27 hr) show significant variation (P < 0.05). Moreover, color values lightness (60.48 – 65.78), greenness (-5.64 – -3.30) and yellowness (17.71 – 19.62) show significant difference (P < 0.05). In contrast, fatty acid profiles palmatic acid (3.5 – 2.6 %), steric acid (40.5 – 36.3 %), oleic acid (55.0 – 54.3 %), linoleic acid (1.2 – 1.3 %) and linolenic acid (0.5 – 0.3 %) did not show significant (P < 0.05) difference except steric acid in manually pressed butter. Hence, quality parameters which showed the highest variation like acid value, peroxide values and oil stability index need to be controlled for consistent butter quality. Generally, Shea butter from screw expeller was superior in quality. Whereas, combined method was favorable from yield and butter quality perspective. Keywords: Conditioning time; Fatty acids profile; Nilotica; Characterization; Screw expeller; Shea butter; Pressing temperature; Vitellaria paradoxa.