Browsing by Author "Assefa, Yilikal"

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    Association of Helicobacter Pylori Infection and Hyperemesis Gravidarum Women: A Case Control Study in Selected Hospital and Two Health Centers in Kirkos Sub-City, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2017-01) Assefa, Yilikal; Desta, Kassu(PhD)
    Background: Nausea and vomiting is a common and unpleasant problem during pregnancy with a frequency of 75% to 80% of pregnancies. In some women nausea and vomiting is very severe and does not respond to simple diet manipulation and antiemetic agents. Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) is one of the many problems during pregnancy; its etiology has not been clearly understood. Inflammatory factors like Helicobacter pylori infection have been considered as a risk factor in some studies. However, this information is very limited in the Ethiopian context and this research addressed the information gap. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the possible association of Helicobacter pylori infection and Hyperemesis gravidarum women visiting a selected hospital and health centres in Kirkos Sub city, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: A case control study was conducted in Kirkos sub city in one hospital and two health centers (Gandhi Memorial Hospital, Kirkos health center and Kazanchis health centers) Addis Ababa, Ethiopia among 50 hyperemesis gravidarum women (cases) and 100 non- hyperemesis gravidarum women (controls). A structured questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic data of the study participants. Venous blood samples were collected and analyzed for determination of hemoglobin concentration and stool samples were processed for the presence of H.pylori infection using stool antigens test kit and the presence of intestinal parasites by direct stool examination (wet smear) and formol- ether concentration techniques. Urine analysis was done for ketone bodies. Data was summarized in frequencies (%) and mean + SD as appropriate. Chi-square tests, Student “t” test and logistic regression were used in the analysis as needed. In all cases P-value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: The overall rate of H.pylori infection among study subjects of pregnant women was 24.7 % (37/150). The prevalence of H.pylori infection was higher in pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum than pregnant women without hyperemesis gravidurum, 56% (28/50) and 9% (9 /100) respectively (X2= 39.626 P value = 0.000).In this study there was a statistical association between H.pylori infection and low hemoglobin value, (OR=4.121, 95% CI=1.233– xii 13.771, p=0.024). There was no statistically significance difference between H.pylori positive women and sociodemographic characteristics (pvalue > 0.05). Conclusion: Our study suggested that there was a strong association between H. pylori infection and HG. Helicobcater pylori should therefore, be considered as one of the risk factors for HG. H.pylori infection was associated with low hemoglobin value. H.pylori infected HG pregnant women showed higher rates of anemia than pregnant women without HG. Some expected H.pylori associated risk factors like presence of intestinal parasites; smoking habit; khat chewing and habit of drinking alcohol do not have significant association with H.pylori infection in this study.Further studies are required in the community using different diagnostic methods to explore the actual role of H.pylori and warranted to consider weather screening H.pylori infection during pregnancy could benefit the mother and the fetus in the near future and investigation of H.pylori infection used as a potential factor that might play a role in the managements of occurrence of anemia and hyperemesis gravidarum in pregnant women would be further explored. Key words: Anemia, H.pylori, pregnancy, Hyperemesis gravidarum, H. pylori stool antigen test