Browsing by Author "Assefa, Nigussie (MPH, MSc)"

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    Determinants of Modern Contraceptive Utilization among Married Women in Ethiopia: A Multilevel Mixed Effect Analysis.
    (Addis Abeba University, 2021-09) Shimelis, Mekdes; Dr. Mekonen, Wubegzier(PhD); Assefa, Nigussie (MPH, MSc)
    Background: Despite the progress, the prevalence of modern contraceptive use remains low in Ethiopia. There are numerous predictors to use modern contraceptive methods. Attention has been given to individual-level factors on modern contraception while contextual characteristics are equally relevant to increase the utilization. The study implied figuring out barriers related to end-users and the community characteristics that are critical for developing appropriate family planning programs and policies to improve the uptake. Objective: This study aims to identify individual and community-level factors of modern contraceptive use, using a multilevel analytic approach. Method: The study utilized the national data collected by Performance Monitoring and Accountability 2018, Ethiopia. Multilevel mixed-effect regression analysis of 3706 married women of reproductive age group nested within 220 clusters was carried out. Results are presented using odds ratios along with their 95% confidence interval. Result: Respondents who utilize modern contraceptive methods accounted for 42.9% in Ethiopia in 2018. Analysis of the random intercept model evidenced that the between community variance of modern contraception is non-zero. The fixed-effect model showed significantly lower odds of modern contraceptive utilization among older women, women in a polygamous marriage (OR 0.67, 95%CI 0.49-0.92), women living in a community with a higher mean parity (OR 0.67, 95%CI 0.46-0.93), and women living in a community with higher mean household size(OR 0.65, 95%CI 0.46-0.84), while completing secondary level of education (OR 1.65, 95%CI 1.24-2.30), visiting a health facility(OR 1.49, 95%CI 1.25-1.79), and being wealthy(OR 1.76, 95%CI 1.26-3.06) are among the positively predicting variables of modern contraception. The effect of community variations for education implies that there is a considerable difference in modern contraceptive use among communities. Conclusion: This study revealed that both individual and community-level variables were significant determinants of modern contraceptive use in Ethiopia. The study recommends, improving women's education, wealth status, and community fertility `norms as measures that can be implemented to accelerate modern contraceptive adoption in the country.
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    Knowledge, attitude and utilization of part ograph and associated factors among obstetric care providers in public health facilities of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
    (Addis Abeba University, 2021-06) Shafi, Mulago; Assefa, Nigussie (MPH, MSc); Awoke, Tesfamichael(MPH, MSc)
    Background: Partograph is a low-cost, low-cost technology that provides a continuous graphical overview of labor progress in order to avoid protracted and blocked labor. Assessing obstetric care providers' knowledge, attitude, and practical use of partographs, as well as their determinants, aids in the development of effective intervention strategies for providing high-quality maternity care. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude, utilization of partograph and associated factors among obstetric care providers in public health facilities of Arada, Yeka and Lideta Sub cities, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: From January 1 to March 30, 2019, researchers employed a facility-based cross-sectional design in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A total of 314 obstetric care providers were randomly selected from public health facilities in the Arada, Yeka, and Lideta Sub-cities of Addis Ababa, City Administration, and proportionally allocated. An interview-based structured questionnaire was used to collect data. To determine the actual use of partograph, all study participants were subjected to direct observations utilizing an observation checklist. EpiInfo version 3.5.1 was used to enter data, and SPSS version 22 was used to analyze it. Descriptive statistics were produced, including frequency, percentage, mean, and median. The researchers used bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis. To protect data confidentiality, no personal information about study participants was collected during data collection. Results: 72% of people responded to this survey. 257 (85%) of the obstetric care providers had a positive view regarding partograph, and 254 (84.1%) of them used it. Partograph use was linked to being a midwife (AOR=2.6; 95 percent CI: 1.8, 5.4) and knowing how to use it (AOR=4; 95 percent CI: 2.0, 8.1). However, it was associated with a negative relationship with service years 0-2 years (AOR=0.4%; CI: 0.2, 0.9) and service years 3-5 years (AOR=0.6%; CI: 0.3, 0.7). Conclusion: More over three-quarters of those polled knew what partograph was, had an opinion about it, and used it. Partograph knowledge and attitude were high among service providers, and usage was good. Partograph use was linked to knowledge of partograph, service year, and the profession of obstetric care providers.
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    Raised blood pressure magnitude and associated factors among previously undiagnosed adult outpatient attendants in Tirunesh Beijing general hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
    (Addis Abeba University, 2021-09) Worku, Addisu; Gizaw, Muluken(MPH, PHD); Assefa, Nigussie (MPH, MSc)
    Background: Globally hypertension is one of major public health problem affecting 972 million people. The prevalence of hypertension in Ethiopia is estimated to be 16% in 2015. But vast majority (76.6%) of hypertension patients in Ethiopia never measured their blood pressure. Furthermore, large number of patients visited traditional healers. Objectives: The study examined the magnitude and associated factors of raised blood pressure among previously undiagnosed adult outpatient attendants in Tirunesh Beijing General Hospital, 2020. Methods: The study employed an institution-based cross-sectional study design. A total of 408 study participants were included and selected by using systematic random sampling technique. Data were collected by using a pretested structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics analyses such as frequency and cross tabulation were calculated to measure the magnitude for selected variables versus the magnitude of raised blood pressure. Binary logistics regression was used to examine the possible risk factors for raised blood pressure and risk factors with p-value < 0.2 were included in the multivariable logistic regression model. Statistical significance was determined at P-value < 0.05. The data was processed in Epi Data v3.1 and analyzed in SPSS v26. Results: The respondents age ranged from 18 to 80 years and nearly half (49%) of them were male. The mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures were 125.61 millimeters of Mercury (mmHg) (14.25 SD) and 76.77 mmHg (8.82 SD), respectively. The prevalence of raised blood pressure was 18.6%, 95% CI (15, 22.3). Age >50 years (AOR=7.7, 95% CI:2.8,21.4), age 30 to 49 (AOR=3.3, 95% CI: 1.4, 7.7), smoking (AOR=6.1, 95% CI:2.6-14.3), alcohol consumption (AOR=2.4, 95% CI:1.3-4.3), salt intake (AOR=2.1, 95% CI: 1.1-3.9), and body mass index (BMI) (AOR=2.5, 95% CI:1.2,5.3) were statistically significant risk factors for raised blood pressure in adults. Conclusion: This study indicated that raised blood pressure was a major health burden. The study identified risk factors for raised blood pressure in adults, and most are modifiable. Hence, stakeholders may use the finding to develop preventive and control strategies to decrease the burden of raised blood pressure.