Browsing by Author "Asmamaw Asegedech"

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    Bacterial Profile and Drug Susceptibility Patterns of Isolates from Surgical Site Infections, Healthcare workers’ Hands and the Surrounding Environment at Surgical wards of Saint Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2025-10) Melaku Gelila; Desta Kassu ; Asmamaw Asegedech ; Gebreyohannes Zenebe
    Background: Surgical site infections (SSIs) are infections affecting wounds from invasive surgery. Hospitals harbor many bacteria, including antibiotic-resistant strains, on frequently touched surfaces like work areas, medical equipment, and even furniture, which pose a significant risk for the development of SSIs. Objective: To assess the bacterial profile and drug susceptibility patterns of isolates from SSIs, health care workers’(HCWs’) hands and the surrounding environment at surgical wards of Saint Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College (SPHMMC) Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study, was conducted from June to October, 2024, and collected a total of 327 samples. All samples were inoculated on MacConkey and Blood agar. Gram staining and biochemical assays were used for identification of the bacteria. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done on Muller-Hinton agar by using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion technique and data analysis, was performed using SPSS version 26. Results: The study revealed that out of total 327 samples 90.2 % were harboring bacterial growth. Only 9.8 % samples showed no bacterial growth. Mixed bacterial growth seen in 22.4%. A total of 368 bacterial isolates were identified. Gram-positive bacteria comprised 57.6 % (212) of the isolates, while Gram-negative bacteria accounted for the remaining 42.4% (156). High resistance rates were observed among Gram-negative isolates, including ceftriaxone resistant rate of 91.1%.Whereas, Gram-positive isolates showed high resistance against penicillin 89.7%. This study revealed a high prevalence of MDR, affecting 82.7% (177/214) of the isolates. Conclusion and recommendation: This study highlights a high prevalence of bacterial contamination in SSIs, HCWs' hands, and surgical ward environment. Klebsiella species, S.aureus, and E.coli were identified as the major contributors to postoperative SSIs. It exposes critical concerns regarding antibiotic resistance in both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. These findings emphasize the urgent need for effective infection control measures and antibiotic stewardship.
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    Magnitude and Drug Resistance Profile of Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL) Producing Gram Negative Bacteria from Nasal Swabs Taken from Health Care workers and Inanimate Objects at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    (Addis Abeba University, 2019-06) Asmamaw Asegedech; Desta Kassu; Woldeamanuel Yimtubeznash
    Background:Hospital environment, inanimate objects and healthcare workers are likely to get colonized with diverse group of microbial agents. Infections caused by gram negative bacteria(GNB) are causing morbidity and mortality worldwide, gram negative bacteria which produce β-lactamase can result in multidrug resistance. The production of extended-spectrum β-lactamases(ESBLs) is an important mechanism which is responsible for the resistance to the third generation cephalosporin. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the magnitude and drug resistance profile of ESBL producing gram negative bacteria isolated from nasal swabs taken from healthcare workers (HCWs) and inanimate objects at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital. Methods: Both prospective and retrospective cross sectional study were conducted fromDecember 2018 to February 2019.Isolates from samples collected from an on-going PhD projectwere used for the purpose of the current study. The samples were taken from nasal swabs ofhealth care workers and inanimate objects. About 105and 216 isolates were randomly selectedfrom health care workers and inanimate objects respectively for further analysis. Biochemicaltests for identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test was done by disc diffusion method.Screening of ESBLs was done using Cefotaxime (30ug, BD), Ceftazidime (30ug, NJ54, QB14),ceftriaxone (30ug BD) discs. A combined disk diffusion test was used as confirmatory test. Thedata were analyzed using SPSS software (version 20) and descriptive statistical tests wereperformed Results: Out of 105 isolates, 5 (4.8%) isolates were identified as Extended Spectrumβlactamases(ESBLs) producers, out of theses80% were Klebsiella spp (75% Klebsiellarhinoscleromatis, 25% Klebsiella pneumoniae) and 20% were Entrobacter cloacae. Three (60%)ESBL producing bacterial isolates were identified from Laboratory personnel and 2 (40%) werefrom Medical doctors. From environmental samples, 33/216 (15.3%) isolates were found to beESBL producers based on the confirmatory test (combined disk method). Different ESBLproducing gram negative bacteria, were isolated from the various inanimate objects of TASHincluding, Klebsiella ozaenae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiellarhinoscleromatis,Citrobacter_spp, Escherichia coli, Serriatia_spp and Acinetobacter_spp. ESBL producing gram negative bacteria were found to be 100% resistant to ceftazidime andceftriaxone. Conclusion: It is worrisome to detect ESBL producing gram negative bacteria from theinanimate objects of TASH and the nasal cavity of some HCWs, calling for systematic screening of inanimate objects for ESBL and other multidrug resistant bacteria in the hospital.Furthermore, strengthening the infection prevention practice is vital to halt transmission of thesenoxious bugs.