Browsing by Author "Ashebir, Tesfaye"

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    The Effect of product packaging on consumer buying behavior: In the Case Packaged Milk products
    (Addis Ababa University, 2020-06) Ashebir, Tesfaye; Belayneh, Temesgen (PhD)
    Packaging as a marketing tool could be an effective means of achieving marketing objectives and at the same time satisfies the desire of the consumers through its aesthetics elements which includes package’s graphics, material, color, size, shape, text, and its useful elements in a competitive marketing environment. This study is aimed to examine the effect of product packaging on consumer buying behavior of packaged milk products in Addis Ababa. By taking the research objectives and questions into considerations, both descriptive and explanatory research design were used.A sample of 384 shoppers from five supermarkets in Addis Ababa was selected using simple random sampling while quantitative data was collected using structured questionnaires. The selection of supermarkets was based on judgmental sampling in which location and diverse socio-economic characteristics of the population were considered. The response rate of the collected questionnaires was 89.84%. However, out of these due to incompleteness only 337(87.76%) were valid for further analyses and the remaining 8 (2.08%) were discarded. The data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings of descriptive statistics have shown that the mean score of packaging attributes variables i.e. packaging Color, Packaging Material, packaging Graphics, packaging Design, packaging size and Printed information inclined to agreement level. All independent variables have the significant correlation with the dependent variable “consumer buying behavior”. In this case, Printed information had a higher strong relationship with consumer buying behavior. Likewise, the empirical findings of the multiple regression indicated that, only four of the predictor variables Packaging Material, packaging Design, packaging size and Printed information have a positive and significant effect on the consumer buying behavior but, packaging color and graphic are not. Moreover, this study found out that that among all the packaging elements, printed information has the most impact on purchase decisions of packaged milk products. The independent variables jointly explained 57% of the variance in consumer buying behavior. Finally, based on the research finding and conclusion drawn the researcher forward recommendation for the study.
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    Impact of Drawdown Speed on Slope Stability of Tendaho Dam Under Static and Pseudo Static Earthquake Loading Condition
    (Addis Ababa University, 2018-09) Ashebir, Tesfaye; Asie, Kemal (PhD)
    Dams are hydraulic structures used to store, control, divert water impounding it behind the upstream side of dam in a reservoir for different purposes, like hydropower generation, water supply, irrigation, navigation and transportation, etc. Although dams have many advantages, the risk that may happen due to the failure still exists. One of the most dangerous conditions causing failure of earthen dams’ upstream slope is speed of drawdown condition when the countervailing upstream water pressure has disappeared with fastest speed; it causes a danger to the upstream slope. In this work Tendaho earthen dam, low permeability construction material, which is located on the highly seismically active zone, Eastern Ethiopia Rift Valley was studied. The overall objective of the study was assessing the impact of drawdown speed on Slope Stability of Tendaho dam under static and pseudo static earthquake loading Condition by using different methods. Traditional limit equilibrium methods and a finite element software, GeoStudio 2007 and 2012 computer program were utilized in the slope stability analysis. Seep/w, Slope/w and Sigma/w GeoStudio sub program were used to analysis and develop pore pressure curve and factor of safety curve for purpose of reservoir water level operation monitoring. The developed factor of safety curve shows that safety of upstream slope of the dam decrease during drawdown condition and seismic load effect. The upstream slope of Tendaho dam is stable during different drawdown speed and reservoir water level fall from FRL to MDDL. But, the worst case scenario occurs when reservoir water falls below 387m from FRL (408m) within recommended values of evacuation periods. In addition, during earthquake force was applied to the model the critical drawdown level and evacuation period is 394m and 40 days, respectively. It is also found that drawdown situation of Tendaho dam under reservoir operation have not affect on upstream slope of the dam and emergency drawdown is not required till now. However, assessing the dam slope stability under different drawdown speed and earthquake loading condition is important to avoid the upstream slope sliding during drawdown condition in the future.