Browsing by Author "Asefa, Amanuel"

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    Demographic, Clinical, and Treatment Patterns of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients seen in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Referral Hospital, Radiotherapy Center; Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2017-2020
    (Addis Ababa University, 2021-03) Asefa, Amanuel; Dr.Tigeneh, Wondimagegnehu(Associate Prof MD, M MSC(RT), FC Rad Onc (SA)); Dr. Jemal, Ahmedin(American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA); Dr. Kantelhardt, Eva Johanna(Department of Gynecology, Martin Luther University, Halle an der Saale, Germany)
    Background: Lung cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. There are two main types of lung cancer, non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). Non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for 80% to 85% of lung cancer. Even though lung carcinoma is the 6th most frequent malignancy in male based on data from Addis Ababa city-based cancer registry, there is lack of published data on demographic, clinical, and treatment patterns of non small cell lung cancers in Ethiopia. Objective: To determine the demographic, clinical, and treatment patterns of non-small cell lung cancer patients seen in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Referral Hospital, Radiotherapy Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2017-2020 Methodology: A retrospective cross-sectional study design on histo pathologically confirmed non small cell lung cancer patients treated from September 2017 to September 2020. Descriptive statistics (mean, SD, frequency, percentage, graph and table) and chi-square results were generated by using SPSS version 25. P-value of <0.05 was considered as significant. Result: 126 patients were enrolled in the study. There were 67 (53.2%) males and 59 (46.8%) females giving a male to female ratio of 1.14:1. The mean age at presentation was 52 years, ranged from 24 to 90 years. The majority of the patients presented with cough (103, 81.7%), followed by chest pain (40, 31.7%), haemoptysis (21, 16.7%), shortness of breath (18, 14.3%). According to AJCC staging of lung cancer 43.7% (55) and 32.5% (41) of the patients were diagnosed with stage IVb and IVa diseases, respectively. Ever cigarette smoking was reported in 20 (15.9%) patients. 20(15.9%) patients had associated co-morbid medical illnesses. Mostly the primary lesion was located peripherally in 73% of patients and centrally in 23.8%. The most common histology type was adenocarcinoma in 81(64.3%) patients, followed by squamous cell carcinoma in 34(27%). Metastasis at the time of diagnosis was recorded in 96(76.2%) of cases. Common sites of metastasis were pleura (27.8%) and bone (24.6%), followed by lung, liver, brain and adrenal in 15.9%, 14.3%, 9.5% and 5.6% of patients respectively. Chemotherapy was given in 87.3% of patients. The intent of chemotherapy was palliative in 93.6% patients, neoadjuvant in 3.6% patients and adjuvant in 2.7% patients. Radiotherapy was given in 23.2% of patients with the intent of palliative treatment. Conclusion and Recommendation: The majority of patients with NSCLC seen at TASH are presented at advanced stage of disease, with adenocarcinoma as the most common histology type and history of smoking in only 16% of the cases. Future studies should examine the causes of lung cancer in the country.