Browsing by Author "Alemu, Tesfaye"

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    Communication Strategies Utilized by Omo Tti Trainee-Teachers in Oral Production of English
    (Addis Ababa University, 2007-07) Alemu, Tesfaye; Alemayehu, Tibebe
    This study was carried out to investigate trainee-teachers’ utilization of communication strategies in their oral production of English. Consequently, the study involved eight OMO TTI trainee-teachers. Four of them were from Gamo Department and the other four were from Amharic Department. In order to investigate variation, if any, in utilization of the strategies between female and male trainees, equal number of subjects, i.e. two from each sex, were selected. Thus, they were provided with five different tasks to illicit information. Three of the tasks were grade four lessons which the subjects were supposed to teach to grade four students. The other two tasks were “description of home village” and explaining about “glow worms” which the subjects were expected to talk to English native speakers. Having been provided with these tasks, the subjects were observed while they were presenting the tasks. The observation was aided by video-recording and tape-recording. In the end, the recorded data were transcribed and the types of communication strategies utilized by the subjects were analyzed. The results of the study revealed that almost all the subjects were effective in utilization of communication strategies when they were communicating with the expatriates. However, Amharic trainees were better than Gamo trainees in employing the strategies during the teaching activities. Among trainees of Gamo Department, the male trainees were better than the female trainees. On the other hand, female trainees of Amharic Department were as effective as the male counterparts in the same Department. Despite all these, all the trainees were found to be deficient in their language. Their English language was not to the level that enabled them to teach English.
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    Communication Strategies Utilized by Omo TTi Trainee-Teachers in Oral Production of English
    (Addis Ababa University, 2007-06) Alemu, Tesfaye; Alemayehu, Tibebe (Professor)
    This study was carried out to investigate trainee-teachers’ utilization of communication strategies in their oral production of English. Consequently, the study involved eight OMO TTI trainee-teachers. Four of them were from Gamo Department and the other four were from Amharic Department. In order to investigate variation, if any, in utilization of the strategies between female and male trainees, equal number of subjects, i.e. two from each sex, were selected. Thus, they were provided with five different tasks to illicit information. Three of the tasks were grade four lessons which the subjects were supposed to teach to grade four students. The other two tasks were “description of home village” and explaining about “glow worms” which the subjects were expected to talk to English native speakers. Having been provided with these tasks, the subjects were observed while they were presenting the tasks. The observation was aided by video-recording and tape-recording. In the end, the recorded data were transcribed and the types of communication strategies utilized by the subjects were analyzed. The results of the study revealed that almost all the subjects were effective in utilization of communication strategies when they were communicating with the expatriates. However, Amharic trainees were better than Gamo trainees in employing the strategies during the teaching activities. Among trainees of Gamo Department, the male trainees were better than the female trainees. On the other hand, female trainees of Amharic Department were as effective as the male counterparts in the same Department. Despite all these, all the trainees were found to be deficient in their language. Their English language was not to the level that enabled them to teach English. Utilization of both linguistic and nonlinguistic strategies during teaching practice appeared to help trainees of Amharic Department better than trainees of Gamo Department. On the contrary, all the trainees were reported to be effective in transmitting their message to the expatriates. This was because the expatriates were focusing on meaning (theme) rather than the trainees’ grammar. In general, it was concluded that though the trainees were effective n communicating meaning, their language was not to the mark that enabled them to be effective in teaching English. As a result, it was recommended that Teachers’ Training Institute as well as teacher trainers should be aware of the need to balance accuracy and fluency based teaching of English language. Moreover, syllabus designers as well as high school teachers ought to be conscious that English language teaching in high schools should be geared to balance the focus of accuracy and fluency based teaching
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    Municipal Solid Waste Management Practice in Burayu Town Oromia Regional State Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2021-10-12) Alemu, Tesfaye; Jebessa, Habte (PhD)
    The Solid Waste is Gold if it is Properly held This study is aimed at the overall assessment of municipal solid waste management practice of Burayu town. Specifically, the study focused on objectives which include estimate per-capita household solid waste output per day of selected household or generation rate waste disposal system of the town, identify environmental and health impact of dumping site and evaluate the level of awareness and attitude of the communities towards solid waste management practices in Burayu town. The survey was worked in Gefersa Burayu, Gefersa Guje and Gefersa Nono kebeles. The primary data were gathered through interviews, questionnaires, group discussion and field observations. The secondary data were also gathered from journal, different website, and book, published and un published sources. A stratified random sampling technique was used to select the study units. A total of 410 respondents (370 households (HHs) and 40 key informants purposively sampled) participated in the study. The total family from the sample households divides the overall waste produced from the sample households over the collection time, which was 2 months (7-consiquetive workday). In this case, the total family from the sample households was 2184 and the number of waste collected over a two months from all households was 4486.5 Kg. Waste generation of Burayu town was 0.293Kg/cap/day. These values point out every resident in the town generates 0.293 kg/cap/day of solid waste. However, a 0.293kg/cap/day of waste generation per capita is very low compared to about the per capita waste generation of developed nation. Generally the investigation of this study suggest that the present status of Burayu town solid waste management is powerless and uncontrollable in terms of spatial coverage, technical, management facility, awareness or consciousness creation and service delivery at both municipality and household level. Finally, the study forwarded some relevant or crucial recommendations towards improving the solid waste management training.
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    The Practice and Challenges of Handball Instruction in Some Selected Government Preparatory Schools of Addis Ababa
    (Addis Abeba university, 2014-08) Alemu, Tesfaye; Teka, Solomon(PhD)
    This study was conducted to find out the challenge of teaching handball of some governmental preparatory schools of Addis Ababa. A descriptive survey method research method was employed to carry out this study. The scope of the study is delemeted to the some selected government schools of Addis Ababa preparatory schools. As a result the researcher using lottery method selected Ayertena Secondary and Preparatory School from Kolfe Keranio Sub city, Balcha Secondary and preparatory School from Lideta Sub city, Kefitegna 23 (SOS) Preparatory School from Nifas Silk Lafto Sub city, Addis Ketema Preparatory from Addis Ketema Sub City and Derartu Tulu Preparatory School from Akaki Kaliti Sub City. Out of the total population 3815 grade 12 students of sampled school 200(5.2%) of them were selected as a sample of the study. All HPE teachers and principals of the sampled schools were selected as sample of the study. Both primary as well as secondary data sources of data were used. The result of the findings of this study are concluded as, thus lack of sporting equipment, adequately trained personnel, the failure of government to prioritize school sports and the lack of involvement of private sector and parent- teacher association are the main obstacles if the school sports Based on the findings the following conclusion was drawn. Lack of sporting equipment, adequately trained personnel, the failure of government to prioritize school sports and the lack of involvement of private sector and parent- teacher association in influence the school handball sports. Based on the finding and conclusion the following recommendation was set. Those physical education teachers, principals, parents, sport officials, medias, NGOs should work together to improve the the challenges of school handball. Key words: - Physical education, sport, handball, teaching, learning, motivation, reward
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    The Practice and Challenges of Handball Instruction in Some Selected Government Preparatory Schools of Addis Ababa
    (Addis Abeba university, 2014-08) Alemu, Tesfaye; Teka, Solomon(PhD)
    This study was conducted to find out the challenge of teaching handball of some governmental preparatory schools of Addis Ababa. A descriptive survey method research method was employed to carry out this study. The scope of the study is delemeted to the some selected government schools of Addis Ababa preparatory schools. As a result the researcher using lottery method selected Ayertena Secondary and Preparatory School from Kolfe Keranio Sub city, Balcha Secondary and preparatory School from Lideta Sub city, Kefitegna 23 (SOS) Preparatory School from Nifas Silk Lafto Sub city, Addis Ketema Preparatory from Addis Ketema Sub City and Derartu Tulu Preparatory School from Akaki Kaliti Sub City. Out of the total population 3815 grade 12 students of sampled school 200(5.2%) of them were selected as a sample of the study. All HPE teachers and principals of the sampled schools were selected as sample of the study. Both primary as well as secondary data sources of data were used. The result of the findings of this study are concluded as, thus lack of sporting equipment, adequately trained personnel, the failure of government to prioritize school sports and the lack of involvement of private sector and parent- teacher association are the main obstacles if the school sports Based on the findings the following conclusion was drawn. Lack of sporting equipment, adequately trained personnel, the failure of government to prioritize school sports and the lack of involvement of private sector and parent- teacher association in influence the school handball sports. Based on the finding and conclusion the following recommendation was set. Those physical education teachers, principals, parents, sport officials, medias, NGOs should work together to improve the the challenges of school handball. Key words: - Physical education, sport, handball, teaching, learning, motivation, reward
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    Virulence of Colletotrichum Capsici (Syd. Buter and Bisby) in Pepper (Capsicum Spp) Varieties in Major Growing Areas of Ethiopia: Implications to Integrated Disease Management (Idm) Using Chemicals and Biological Control Agents
    (Addis Ababa Universty, 2017-05) Handiso, Serawit; Alemu, Tesfaye
    Hot pepper (Capsicum anuum L.) is the prominent type of Capsicum spp grown in Ethiopia, since its introduction in the early 17th century by the Portuguese. It covers 67.98% of all the area under vegetables in Ethiopia. Anthracnose is the most renowned pepper fungal disease in the south western part of the country causing up to 100% loss. Total crop failure due to diseases has been common in the region and farmers are sometimes forced to abandon their production due to excessive infection pressure in the field. The present thesis probes a broad overview of the disease in Ethiopia. The main aim of this study was; thus, to gather scientific information on the characterization of the pathogen and management o f the disease it caused in the country. The specific objectives of this study were to assess the magnitude of disease in main chili growing areas of the country; and the level of pathogenesis of the strains of the pathogen using cultural, pathological and morphological tools; evaluate different biological control agents, plant extracts and fungicides in vitro; study the effect of seedling density and phonological stages on development of anthracnose and yield parameters in chili; Search for variability and germplasm tolerance among the existing chili/pepper varieties in Ethiopia; analyze and develop the incidence-severity relationships model; identify economically effective timing and frequency of fungicide spraying programs; and analyze the effect of integrated anthracnose disease management on disease reactions, growth and yield parameters and economic profitability of chili production. Rigorous survey was conducted in anthracnose prone areas; and the highest and lowest disease spread was observed in Alaba and Shashogo with cumulative incidence of 41.88% and 19.81%, respectively. From the chili farms, the highest incidence was found in Arsi negelle followed by Alaba with the value of 31.66% and 28.66%, whereas the lowest incidence in farms was found in Humbo and Maraqo with 13.63% and 14.89%. Nurseries with a highest incidence were observed in Humbo and Alaba with values of 13.5% and 13.02%, respectively. The disease incidence was low, 4.13% and 1.28%, in Shashogo and Arsi negelle. Prevalence was higher in upper-kolla agroecological zones where the mean was recorded as 21.82% and 7.55% in farms and nurseries, respectively. The variability study indicated that colonies varied in their cultural behavior ranging from cottony to fluffy, mostly suppressed with regular to irregular margins. Colletotrichum spp pathogen’s color ranged between white to grey. Growth rate of isolates on PDA medium was between 22.0 - 69.5 mm. Morphological studies of isolates revealed variations in their color, size, shape, acervuli production, setae size and shape of conidia. Average conidial size varied from 18.00 - 33.3 μm and average setae size varied from 77.2 -181.2 μm. On the basis of disease reaction expressed by differential hosts, eleven groups (races) of C. capsici were identified. The evaluation of fungicides, plant extracts and antagonists showed that all test concentrations of Tilt-250 EC significantly inhibited the mycelial growth of Colletotrichum capsici. Among the tested plant extracts, garlic was the best both in reducing the radial mycelial diameter (72.33) and mycelial dry weight (73.33) at the highest concentration of 15 %. There was s igni f icant variation among isolates of Trichoderma spp and antagonistic activities ranged from 51% to 89% reduction of the mycelial radial growth of Colletotrichum capsici on the PDA medium. Among the promising antagonists, the isolate Tri_3 of Trichoderma harzinum showed the highest, 89 %, inhibition of mycelial radial growth of Colletotrichum capsici Experiment on planting densities and seedling phonological stages showed that symptom development was delayed one day in the youngest seedlings compared to the older ones. After the appearance of symptoms, for four consecutive days, the level of leaf disease incidence and severity was consistently lower on the youngest seedlings. Leaf wetness was highly reduced by increasing seedling spacing by at least 15 cm. The highest plant population densities yielded the highest weight of berries per plot. In multi-locational germplasm screening trial, the majority of the genotypes were moderately resistance to C. capsici and none of them was found to be immune at the two locations. Significant variations were also obtained among the genotypes for all yield components, namely percent establishment, dry fruit weight per plant, number of fruit per plant, pulp weight per plant, unmarketable fruits weight per plant, fruit length and days to 50 percent maturity. Total yield per plant was higher at Alaba than Maraqo high level of disease incidence at Alaba. Anthracnose leaf incidence was consistently associated with leaf severity and their relationships can be estimated using the linear function across locations, crop seasons, and genotypes. The economic implication of the timing and frequency of Ridomil application in the current context of fungicide use on chili in Ethiopia was also evaluated. Less frequent applications (3-7 times) starting from flushing successfully prevented the disease development and significantly reduced the incidence of leaf anthracnose. The lowest plant infection (12.8%), leaf infection per plant (15.2%), percent diseased leaf area(15.2%)and infected fruits per plot (17.4%) was observed on combined application of isolates Trichoderma spp, plant extracts and Ridomil in Maraqo fana variety. Regarding the growth parameters, viz. the highest Mean Percent establishment (81.67), mean days to 50% flowering (65.33), mean days to 50% maturity (82) days to first harvest (106.3) in was observed in T16, T4, and T8, respectively. From the quality parameters, the highest mean number of branches per stem (9), mean canopy diameter (24.8), mean number of flowers per plant (9.6) and mean plant height (61.4) in T10, T15, T6 and T7, respectively. Both negative and positive control showed higher incidence and severity as compared to single and combined application of isolates Trichoderma spp, plant extracts and Ridomil. The combined application of Trichoderma, plant extracts and Ridomil performed best in number of fruits/plant, number of seeds/pod, unmarketable fruit, marketable fruit and total yield. This mix up gave a higher benefit-cost-ratio due to reduced production cost indicating that a judicious combination of organic management practice is environment friendly, healthy and sustainable. Over and above, management o f pepper anthracnose disease through integrated me ans wa s r e commended in Ethiopia.