Browsing by Author "Alemu, Muluadam"

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    Challenges and Prospects of Rural-Urban Marketing Linkages in Debre Markos Town and Its Hinterland, Amhara Administrative Regional State, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2009-06) Alemu, Muluadam; Abebe, Mulugeta (PhD)
    The study was conducted in Debre Markos town and its hinterland. The main objective of the study was to assess the challenges and prospects of RUMLs in the study area. It has made use of primary and secondary data sources and 237 households were selected through systematic random sampling. The data was analyzed by making use of a blend of descriptive and inferential statistical tools. The study discloses wide differences between hinterland farmers and their urban counterparts to recognize and identify pertinent challenges that hamper RUMLs. To hinterland farmers, shortage of land, subsistence agriculture, lack of market facilities, price fluctuations and shortage of farm inputs are the jirst jive main challenges in ascending order that affect R UML. The x2 analysis reveals that both groups of farmers are equally victims of these challenges. Urban households on the other hand identified, Price fluctuation, lack of market facilities, inflation, lack of agro-processing industries and subsistence nature of agriculture as the .first jive main challenges in order of severity that affect RUML in the study area. The study has identified weak and partial backward RUML while forward production marketing linkage is almost non-existent. The only linkage found relatively strong is consumption linkages. The analysis using One-way ANOVA shows that urban households do not differ significantly based on age and duration from each other on the mean cost incurred and mean amount of farm outputs purchased. The correlation analysis on the other hand reveals that the amount of farm outputs purchased and cost incurred by urban households decreases, as people get older and older. Among ten variables, shortage of land is the jirst problem that affects agricultural production in the hinterland. Production is subsistence often used for consumption that never satisjies urban peoples ' demand. The multiple regression results show that age of the household and distance are equally important factors to explain the variance on the amount of cereals sold. While the amount oj'farm inputs used and farm size are less significant to explain any unique variance on the amount oj' cereals marketed by farmers. PASDEP, agricultural sector policy, industrial sector policy, road sector policy and decentralization are identified as national prospects to enhance RUMLs. While expansion of MSEs, investment activities, consumers ' associations, cooperatives and farm output marketing services are some of the local prospects that would harness RUMLs. No significantly coordinated efforts have been made by local governments to harness R UMLs in the study area. Finaliy, it is recommended that to ameliorate the pertinent RUML challenges and promote mutual development; a pooled effort is needed from all concerned stakeholders.
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    Drivers of Irregular Out-Migration from Ethiopia to Saudi Arabia, and Its Implication for Local Development: The Case of Raya, Waja Town
    (Addis Ababa University, 2020-06) Derres, Khedir; Alemu, Muluadam
    Today, irregular migration has become a global concern affecting several countries and lives of many households. Accordingly, irregular migration has attracted much attention of researchers, policy makers, politicians and academicians. The aim of this study is to investigate drivers of irregular out-migration from Waja-Raya to Saudi Arabia, and its implications for local development. To achieve this, mixed methods research approach were employed. From 1000 households, 277 households were selected to collect primary data. Qualitative data was gathered through key informant interviews and focus group discussions. Quantitative data were collected and analyzed to triangulate the qualitative data in descriptive forms. The findings of the study revealed that the drivers of irregular migration are diverse. Unemployment, culture of migration, political oppression and restrictive migration laws are some of the drivers. Moreover, the study found out that irregular migration has positive and negative implications for local development. The impacts of irregular migration are more detrimental. Therefore, the local government has to relentlessly endeavor to curb irregular migration. The study recommends that the local government has to create opportunities to make migrants stay. Besides, to maximize the development role of migration special attention need to be given to regular migrants by establishing local institutions such as Institution for Saudi Diaspora.