Browsing by Author "Alemu, Fekadu"

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    Antagonistic Activities of Pseudomonas Fluorescens Isolates, As A Bicontrol of Botrytis Fabae (Chocolate Spot Disease), Plant Growth Promoter and Inducer of Physiological Activities of Faba Bean (Vicia Faba)
    (Addis Ababa University, 2012-06) Alemu, Fekadu; Alemu, Tesfaye (PhD)
    Plant protection is an important area which needs attention since most of the hazardous inputs added into the agricultural system are in the form of plant protection chemicals. Production of the crop is, however, constrained by several infections including fungal diseases. The present study, Pseudomonas fluorescens isolates possess a variety of promising properties which make it a better biocontrol agent.Twelve Pseudomonas fluorescens isolates from rhizospheric soil of faba bean were evaluated for their antagonistic activity against Botrytis fabae that is known to attack faba bean crops. All Pseudomonas fluorescens isolates are employed in controlling chocolate spot diseases of plant. P. fluorescens10 (88.1%) showed high antagonistic activity against Botrytis fabae. In addition, all isolates were tested for antifungal activity against Botrytis fabae. All isolate of Pseudomonas fluorescens are indicated successfully employed in controlling chocolate spot diseases of plant due to their antifungal metabolites.The antifungal compounds were extracted from all P. fluorescens isolates with equal volume of ethyl acetate, hexane and methanol.The antifungal compounds extracted with ethyl acetate, hexane and methanol from P f3, P f8 and P f3 isolates at 0.1% concentration completely inhibited the pathogen growth respectively. Four fungicides were tested against B. fabae and Curzate ® WP and Sancozeb 80% were prevented mycelia growth at higher concentration (80mg/ml per plate). All isolates Pseudomonas fluorescens were assessed for their plant growth promoting activity based on their ability to produce hydrogen cyanide (HCN), siderophores, indole acetic acid (IAA), ammonia and phosphate solubilization. The results indicated that all most of the isolates tested possess plant growth promoting traits. Bio-primed faba bean seed with P f9 and P f10 for pathogencity test in green house was indicated to show positive result. Two isolates of P f9 and P f10 was reduced both disease severity and incidence, increasing faba bean number of leaves per plant, number of branches per plant, height of plants, root length of plant and lateral roots and number of nodule. The present study was also carried out for estimation of total phenols and flavonoids present in fresh faba bean leaf extract with ethanol. Applying the P f9 and P f10 by bio-primed seed of faba bean treatment enhanced the accumulation of total phenols and flavonoids compared to untreated infected and uninfected untreated faba bean. So it could be concluded that the used P f9 and P f10 could resist the detrimental effects of Botrytis fabae on the plant growth and yield. These isolates can be used as potential biofertilizers and also as biocontrol agents. Key words: Antifungal compounds, Botrytis fabae, Biocontrol, faba bean, Pseudomonas fluorescens, secondary metabolites
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    Assessment Of The Effectiveness Of Monitoring And Evaluation Of IFMIS Project In Ministry Of Finance
    (Addis Ababa University, 2019-06) Alemu, Fekadu; Bekalu, Wubshet (PhD)
    This paper focuses on assessing the effectiveness of monitoring and evaluation of IFMIS Project in the Ministry of Finance. The main objective of the research is to assess how effective the project management tools that is monitoring and evaluation for the success of IFMIS in the Ministry of Finance. The study adopted non experimental descriptive research design and utilized a survey method to collect data on M&E practice and approach of IFMIS project in the Ministry of Finance. Quantitative and qualitative data were checked, entered, and analyzed using SPSS for window version 25. Data was described and presented using tables, charts and graph starget population of the study was the team members of all units in the IBEX/IFMIS project office. 60 respondents participated with Simple random sampling participated in the study. In a way, the researcher tried to assess the monitoring and evaluation activities practiced, the level of effectiveness of M & E, the challenges in the monitoring and evaluation endeavors and To what extent information used for decision of control. Concerning M&E practice there is plan and unit to undertake the implementation and the team members are capable and knowledgeable but not effective and inefficient they are not doing as schedule and cost and quality and not involving potential employees. There is no challenge for the budget and skilled man power but there is lack of a channel or system to share information and integration of proper owner and system for the proper design and implementation can be taken as challenge for M&E of IFMIS project. IFMIS project M&E process not strictly reporting the result of the M&E for the appropriate party, information obtained from the M&E is not based on the agreedupon standards and criteria and it doesn’t identify potential problems at an early stage and propose possible solutions. The study recommends that proper site assessment should be done and there should be baseline to compare actual performance of the project, there should be mechanism to ensure quality of the project performance at each sites, incorporate views of different stakeholders, The monitoring and evaluation process strictly reporting the result of the M&E for the appropriate party and should identify potential problems at an early stage and propose possible solutions.
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    Examining Ownership and Powerful Actors Influence in Reporting Corruption Issues: The Case of Addis Zemen and Reporter Newspapers
    (Addis Ababa University, 2019-02) Alemu, Fekadu; Shiferaw, Teshager (PhD)
    Corruption is a worldwide phenomenon which affects the socio-economic development and cause of instability in a given country. The consequences of corruption don’t stop in civil unrest; it also affects other socio-political system including the press freedom. Thus, this study was conducted to examine ownership and powerful actors influence in the print media by focusing on reporting corruption issues. To this purpose, Addis Zemen and Reporter were purposively selected representing the state-owned and the private newspapers respectively. Methodologically, the study employed mixed method approach. The study got the advantage of taking the political economy theory of mass media and propaganda model as its theoretical frameworks. The period of study (April 2016-April 2018) was also chosen purposively since there were several incidents with the connection of corruption issues. Similarly, six informants were selected for an in-depth interview with purposive and convenience sampling technique. Accordingly, the data obtained from content analysis, in-depth interviews with 6 informants and the newspaper’s editorial policy with the review of literature were then corroborated and analyzed together for the sake of triangulation. As a result, the study disclosed that the extent of corruption coverage in both newspapers is given very little attention. Almost 92% of sources were government bodies in their coverage. The newspaper's role was to follow-up and highlighting corruption news of government-issued. They were echoes or instrument of government propaganda. Both newspapers did not initialize any reporting on corruption issues. The study also found that the state-owned, as well as the private owners, were discouraging journalists when there is a trial to produce a reporting in corruption issues or investigations. Even they do not give any protections especially in regards to reporting corruption issues. Government officials were not only badly influencing in the reporting of corruption issues, but also they were denying access to information (information drought), dictating the editorial writings especially in the state-owned Addis Zemen, threatening owners particularly private Reporter and to the extent of life-threatening by government officials. Among corporate institutions; advertisers were directly influencing in corruption reporting. They used criminal defamation and break-up their long-term agreement as a strategy. Real estate owners and NGO’s were affecting the reporting of corruption issues or investigations one way or the other. Others like law enforcement were not also the easiest influencers. For instance, police and anti-corruption agencies mysteriously hide or disappeared corruption cases. Keywords: media Ownership, Powerful actors, Corruption Issues