Browsing by Author "Alemu, Biruk"

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    Assessment of Internal Audit Practice Efficiency in Private Commercial Banks of Ethiopia
    (A.A.U, 2022-03) Alemu, Biruk; Fufa, Takele (Dr)
    This research paper assesses Internal Audit practice efficiency in the case of 13 sampled private commercial banks. A purposive sampling method was used and data were collected using structured questionnaires with a total of 183 questionnaires were distributed to internal auditors of all Private commercial banks, and 160 (87.43% response rate) had collected. The data were run with SPSS version 20 and standard regression analyses were carried out to assess Internal Audit practice efficiency. In addition, the finding of this study is to show the direct relation effects of Competency of internal auditors, Independence of internal auditor activity, senior management support, the existence of an audit committee with the Assessment of Internal Audit practice efficiency in private commercial banks. According to the regression output, the Competency of internal auditors and senior management support significantly and positively. The remaining two variables; the independence of the internal auditor and the existence of the audit committee were positively related to the internal audit practice but their contribution to the IAP was statistically not significant. All of these four independent variables are making 88.10% of the contributions for the internal audit practice in private commercial Banks in Ethiopia. The researcher also recommends further research to be carried out on other factors that could contribute a value for internal audit practice of banking industry in Ethiopia. Keywords: Internal audit; internal audit function; corporate governance; commercial banks
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    Assessment of Waiting Line System in Improving Customer Satisfaction: The case of Addis Ababa City Administration Drivers and Vehicles Licensing and Control Authority.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2020-06) Alemu, Biruk; Ensermu, Matiwos(PhD)
    This study gives the reader a deeper insight into the impacts of waiting line systems application in relationship to improving the customer satisfaction and the general performance of the public services organization. The objective of the study was to assess such things as customer arrival and waiting time management system application as a factor for enhanced customer satisfaction. The methodologies used for data collection were site observation, in which structured observation check lists were used, a pre-tested/ adopted questionnaire and scheduled interview questions. For the site observation an entire customers randomly visiting the centers within the sampled time intervals have been accounted taking systematically every 3rd customer for data collection. A sample of 370 customers was taken for the data collection. The queue variables used under the study were perceived waiting time, actual service time, services quality, rate of customers’ compliance and the queue discipline before and after the application of WLS. Scheduled Interview questions were presented to three branches managers of Addis Ababa Drivers and Vehicles Licensing and Control Authority to assess impact of the queue management system has had on to improve customers satisfaction reducing the actual situation of customer waiting lines at, the compliance rate of clients after and before the application of the system, and the planed actions. For the analysis of the data, observational interpretation data collected using various software's like SPSS. Single queue-multiple server model of queue analysis was used, while frequency tables, graphs and correlation analysis were used for analyzing the data collected through questionnaire. Imagining about the many times someone had to wait in line in the last month or year and the time and the frustration that was associated with those waits has become a central concern to this study in line with its impact on the customers satisfaction. The study stipulated that application of the Queue Management System is one of the remedial solutions to enhance the overall organizational performance and above all boost customers’ satisfaction in public services organizations. To keep their organizational reputation, Public sectors as well as the Private business organizations have to increase their customers’ satisfaction by delivering instant and timely services. In services, waiting has great impact on service level and customer satisfaction. Consequently, in time-based competition, one of the main objectives of service companies is to minimize customer waiting and thus the ultimate management objective should be the maximization of customer satisfaction implementing time efficient technologies such as Waiting Line Management systems. Therefore, the managers can use the results in process mapping and improvement areas to improve their customers’ satisfaction by limiting waiting time, reducing customers’ compliance and enhancing services quality. As service capacity increases, there is a reduction in the number of customers in the line and in their waiting times, which decreases queuing cost and compliance.
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    Epidemiology and Identification of Peste Des Petits Ruminants (PPR) Virus Circulating in Small Ruminants of Eastern Amhara Region Bordering Afar, Ethiopia
    (AAU, 2014-06) Alemu, Biruk; Abuna, Fufa(Dr.
    A cross-sectional study design was employed between November 2013 and April 20i.f. to determine antibody/immunity level of vaccinated sheep and goats at herd level. to determine the sero-prevalence and risk factors of PPR in non-vaccinated areas and to invest igate incidence and recent eirculat ion of P P R virus in field samples collectedfi-om small ruminants of eastern Amhara region bordering Afar, Ethiopia. A total of 969 serum samples were collected from sheep and goats in the study districts. Muftistage sampling. with four hierarchical stages. was used as sampling strategy. Peason/ Associotio17 /villages and individual animal were selected by random sampling. A tOlalof 32 samples, comprising 18 swab samples and 1.f. heparinized whole blood samples were collectedfrom the suspected animals for the presence of PPR viral antigen. 28 samples were examinedfor the presence of PPRV RNA by one step RT-PCR assays. Anti-mortem samples were collected from active cases with the aim of virus isolation. in additiol1./iI'e yeors retrospecti1'e data 011 PPR outbreak ~ras used in the present stud),. Questionnaire survey was also conducted to assess the association of seroprevalence of PPR and possible risk factors. Proportions were calculated for seroprevalence visa-vis fixed faclors that included animal species, sex and age, districts and village. Univariable analysis for the proportions was carried out using Chi-square analysis in £pi 1nfo software. A confidence limit of less than 5% was used to indicate a significant level. All variables with P < 0.05 (two-sided) in the univariable analysis were further tested by multivariable logistic regression model to assess their effect on PPR seropositivity
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    Epidemiology and Identification of Peste des petits Ruminants (ppr) Virus Circulating in Small Ruminants of Eastern Amhara Region Bordering Afar, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababauniversity, 2014-06) Alemu, Biruk; Dr. Lemma, Alemayehu
    A cross-sectional study design was employed between November 2013 and April 2014 to determine antibody/immunity level of vaccinated sheep and goats at herd level, to determine the sero-prevalence and risk factors of PPR in non-vaccinated areas and to investigate incidence and recent circulation of PPR virus in field samples collected from small ruminants of eastern Amhara region bordering Afar, Ethiopia. A total of 969 serum samples were collected from sheep and goats in the study districts. Multistage sampling, with four hierarchical stages, was used as sampling strategy. Peasant Association /villages and individual animal were selected by random sampling. A total of 32 samples, comprising 18 swab samples and 14 heparinized whole blood samples were collected from the suspected animals for the presence of PPR viral antigen. 28 samples were examined for the presence of PPRV RNA by one step RT-PCR assays. Anti-mortem samples were collected from active cases with the aim of virus isolation. In addition five years retrospective data on PPR outbreak was used in the present study. Questionnaire survey was also conducted to assess the association of seroprevalence of PPR and possible risk factors. Proportions were calculated for seroprevalence visa-vis fixed factors that included animal species, sex and age, districts and village. Univariable analysis for the proportions was carried out using Chi-square analysis in Epi Info software. A confidence limit of less than 5% was used to indicate a significant level. All variables with P < 0.05 (two-sided) in the univariable analysis were further tested by multivariable logistic regression model to assess their effect on PPR seropositivity. Clinical signs of PPR were observed in both sheep and goats, in both sex and all age xvi groups, in the all study districts. The clinical signs included high fever, ocular and nasal discharge, few abortions, respiratory distress and diarrhea. The disease outbreak was severe in Habru district with morbidity, mortality and case fatality rates of 21.9%, 8.4% and 38.4 % in small ruminants, respectively. The overall seroprevalence of PPR virus antibody was 28.1%, 64.5% and 56.5% in unvaccinated, vaccinated and unknown vaccination status of small ruminants, respectively. The multivariable logistic regression model revealed residing in Rayakobo district, adult age, communal grazing and recent introduction of new animals as risk factors for PPR seropositivity in sheep and goats. There was statistically significant (p= 0.000) differences in the level of seroconversion among the vaccinated districts with similar vaccine response of different age groups, sex, and species involved. In unvaccinated population around 28.1% and only 24.5% were with PI > 50% and 76%, respectively, whereas in vaccinated population around 64.5% and 58.8% of animals were with PI > 50% and 76%, respectively. The median value of PI is 26 and 83 for unvaccinated and vaccinated population, respectively indicating the success of the vaccine administered as the population has gained protection with 57 additional value of PI due to vaccination. 31.3% and 46.4 % of clinical samples examined were positive with Ic-ELISA for PPR viral antigen and RT-PCR for viral nucleic acid, respectively. The species-wise disease outbreaks were more severe in goats than sheep with both tests. The PPR virus were also successfully isolated on CHS-20 cell lines and confirmed with RT-PCR and IFAT assay only from samples collected from Habru district. The clinical and molecular findings of this study confirmed the circulation of PPR virus among populations of sheep and goats in the study areas and prevalence in actual outbreaks situation, which should be kept in mind while deciding the vaccination strategy for the control of the disease. The restriction of movement of animals from endemic areas, with rigorous quarantine and surveillance procedures should be practiced to prevent the spread of the disease and the transmission of the virus to different localities. Key words: PPRV, small ruminants, risk factors, herd immunity, Eastern Amhara