Browsing by Author "Alemayehu, Daniel"

Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Assessment of Flood Risk in Dire Dawa Town, Eastern Ethiopia, Using Gis
    (Addis Ababa Universty, 2007-03) Alemayehu, Daniel; Legesse, Dagnachew (PhD)
    Flooding in any circumstance causes major stresses on the economic, social and environmental regimes of the affected area. The flooding of 5/6 August 2006, however, demonstrated that structural measures undertaken so far are not adequate to withstand flood threats resulting in over 300 fatalities and significant damage to the flood defenses, public infrastructure, housing and livelihoods in Dire Dawa town. This paper studied flood risk analysis of Dire Dawa town and flash flood hazard mapping of Dechatu catchment. To do this an original GIS-based approach was used to build geodatabase for the selected flood hazard layers and elements at risk (land use and population density).Then the important factors were developed to a uniform raster layers with 28.5 m pixel and were masked by the town area in the catchment. Each factor was standardized and then a pair wise comparison method was used to determine the factor weights. Then weighted overlay analysis in multi criteria evaluation (MCE) was used to carry out flood hazard and risk analysis. DEM and mean annual daily maximum rainfall data were used to make flash flood hazard mapping using hydro extension version 1.1 in Arc View 3.2 for Dechatu catchment. Sink filled DEM was used to compute flow direction, flow accumulation, watershed, mean slope, shape factor, and mean precipitation from raster layer generated from mean annual daily maximum rainfall. All these parameters were entered into stream attribute table for characterization. Eight Pour points were computed from the delineated watershed of Dechatu catchment. Accordingly, Lege Dole, Lege Dechatu, Lege Gogeti and Lege Ala were the flash flood hazard wadis in the catchment. The major findings of the paper showed that most of the land use types in the town are within low to moderate flood hazard and flood risk level. With these Dire Dawa town flood risk map and flash flood hazard map, Development of future land use in development policy should be done to decrease the hazard of flooding in Dire Dawa town. Key words: - Flood, Risk, Hazard, GIS, MCE, Dire Dawa, Dechatu
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Determinants of Abortion Decision in Addis Ababa
    (Addis Ababa University, 2012-06) Alemayehu, Daniel; Hailemariam, Assefa (PhD)
    Abortion continues to be an issue for medical, legal and ethical grounds. Many are hard to say that the desire to abort by a woman is mainly brought by unintended pregnancies. Unintended pregnancy most of the time leads to induced abortion. People also claim that induced abortion is one of the major causes of maternal mortality. But the relationship is not as such linear. There are other more factors to intervene. Thus this paper tried to investigate how a woman reaches a decision of abortion in Addis Ababa with a view of identifying policy options that will assist in reducing the high deaths associated with abortion. The study utilized a facility based study and was conducted from February to Mid-March 2012 in seven selected service providers in Addis Ababa. The model the study used is developed from the Economic theory of Demand and is carried out using a simple pro bit regression. Abortion decision is modeled as a function of the full price of the abortion and the respondent's characteristics. This is based on the assumption that abortion is a posterior decision-the decision by a woman who is pregnant not to have the child. The study reveals that the probability that a pregnant woman chooses an aboltion is dependent on prices and cost factors. The opportunity cost of child bearing is found to be positively associated with the demand for abortion. As the associated costs of pregnancies (child delivery and child rearing) increases abortion decision increases. The opportunity cost of abortion (education and unemployment) was found to be significant in some age groups. Among the demographic characteristics marital status is found to be a significant in all age groups where as age of women is not found to determine the probability of abortion in all cases. Taste of abortion (religion and religiosity) is found to be a significant determinant factor of the probability of abortion. Being Catholic/Protestant and being very religious is also found to be important determinant factor of abortion. Direct price of abortion and Contraceptive knowledge and practice are found to be important determinants for aboltion in all age groups. Thus, the study proposed that various policy options aimed at reducing unwanted pregnancies should be set and faithfully implemented. In addition, since nearly half of those who demand for abortion have post abortion complications, the availability of post abortion services in various health facilities can help to prevent unnecessary maternal deaths as a result of these complications.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Review of Arbitration in Ethiopian Construction Industry
    (Addis Ababa University, 2014-05) Alemayehu, Daniel; Dinku, Abebe(Professor)
    Disputes in construction industry are frequent because of the uniqueness and complexity of construction projects. Court is not effective in solving construction disputes because of the technical nature of construction disputes. However, Arbitration is considered to be an effective final dispute resolution mechanism in solving such disputes. In this thesis the acceptance and awareness level of Ethiopian construction parties about arbitration is reviewed. This is done for contributing for the effectiveness and efficiency of alternative dispute resolution mechanisms in the country where massive construction projects are being undertaken. Theoretical analysis about arbitration and its procedure as per the Ethiopian law and as per the local arbitration institute has been done. Questionnaires are distributed for local contractors and clients in order to investigate their awareness level about arbitration. Also interviews were conducted with selected professionals who have ample experiences in arbitration for commenting for the future improvements of arbitration in the construction Industry of Ethiopia. This research clearly shows that there is less awareness and confidence about arbitration among the construction parties of Ethiopia. The low awareness about arbitration among the construction parties of the country and their lack of confidence in arbitrators’ impartiality and enforcement of arbitration awards, the existence of only one local arbitration institute and its being in infant stage and the inarbitrability of administrative contracts are what discouraged arbitration in the construction industry of Ethiopia. Further ways of promoting and improving arbitration in the construction industry of Ethiopia are described in the recommendation part of the thesis. Keywords: Arbitration, Court, ADR, Construction Industry.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Survival Models: Application to Predicting the Breast-feeding Duration of Mothers in Urban Addis Ababa
    (Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2001-05) Alemayehu, Daniel; Koroto., Tadewos (PhD)
    The benefi ts of breast-feeding for the health of the infant, as an inexpensive and appropriate source of nutrients, for its simulation of a strong relationship between the mother and the child, and as a major source of protection against pregnancy through suppression of ovulation have been very well documented. But, only few have attempted to examine the factors that determine the duration of brca s t-fcc~ i ng in Ethiopia. Thus using the appropriate stati stical model thi s study analyzes the socio-demographic factors that determine the duration ofbrcaslfeeding in Urban Addis Ababa. Data on breast-feeding from the 1995 Fertility Survey of Urban Addis Ababa carried out by the Central Stati sti cal Authori ty is used for the analysis. The breast-feeding duration of the 31.78% of the mothers is found censored. Therefore, for the overall examination of the factors the Cox-regression model is used. The prevalence and the med ian duration ofhreast-feeding using the Kaplan-Meier method are estimated to be 95% and 14 months, respect ively. The log-rank test is used to examine the breast-feeding differentials. To know the joint e ffect of the factors and to identify the more important factors a multivariate analysis is undertaken. An approach based on statistical modelling without prioritizing the variables, the ' Hierarchic' method is employed. The final Cox's regression model shows that educational level of the mother is the variable which signi ficantly affects the duration of breast-feeding. It is this variable with a negative associat ion that best detennincs the breast-feeding durat ion. The shortest duration is observed for mothers with higher levels of education. Finally, re levant discussion is made and the focus group to which effective breast-feeding promotion campaign should be targeted is recommended.