Browsing by Author "Admassu, Tesfaye"

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    Profiles of Physicochemical Characteristics, Antibiotic Residues, Antibiotic Resistance Genes and Bacteria Community Structure of Batu Tannery Wastewater Released to Little Akaki River
    (Addis Ababa University, 2020-06-10) Admassu, Tesfaye; Assefa, Fasil (PhD); Feleke, Adey (PhD); G. Love, Nancy (Professor)
    Tanneries produce one of the highest COD wastewaters afterusing large volume of water and different chemicals to produce semi-finished and finished leather products. In Ethiopia, most of the tannery wastewater is discharged directly into water bodies with little or no treatment. These days, different treatment systems are constructed to treat tannery wastewaters that necessitate research to evaluate the efficiency. To this end, a research was conducted on Batu Tannery wastewater treatment plant to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics, bacteria community dynamics, antibiotic residues and antibiotic resistance genes in the different stages of the tannery wastewater treatment plant. The raw tannery wastewater showed variable strength from time to time, andthe highest mean COD (7204+8) mg/l, ammonia-N (190±3.6) mg/l, total nitrogen (308±2)mg/l, and total chromium (22±2.7)mg/lwere observed in April samples. The range of pH remains between 8.0 and 9.0 in raw tannery wastewater and 7.2 and 8.6 in the final effluent. The tannery effluent affected the physicochemical characteristics of the downstream river water of Little Akaki, except temperature and pH. The tannery effluent released to the Little Akaki River caused an increase in the physicochemical values by an average of 3.8%, 9% and 9.5% for COD; 23%, 10.4% and 12.5% for TN; 13.5%, 18.4% and 14.8% forammonia_N; and 31.5%, 28% and 52.8% for total chromium in the November, February, and April samples, respectively. However, only the COD, sulfate and total chromium cause significant (p < 0.05) difference in the downstream river water after tannery effluent was released. 16S rRNA amplicon-based bacterial community analysis from the treatment plant revealed that Firmicutes (48.5%), Bacteroidetes (32.6%) and Proteobacteria (11.5%) were the most represented bacterial phyla across the treatment plant. At the genus level, the dominant genera were Clostridium (15%), Synergistes (5%), Psychrobacter (4%), Acinetobacter (2.5%), Bacteroidetes (1.8%), Anaerovorax (1.3%), Arcobacter (1.3%) and Shewanella (1%). Most of the core bacteria communities in the tannery wastewater were common signatures of gastrointestinal bacteria of ruminants. Some of the core bacteria arepotential pathogens tohuman including the Clostridium, Acinetobacter, Arcobacter and Shewanella. Antibiotic residues and antibiotic resistance genes were detected in the tannery wastewater. The antibiotic residues of tetracycline, oxytetracycline, erythromycin, penicillin G, trimethoprim, sulfadiazine, sulfadoxine, sulfamethoxazole and ciprofloxacin were present in all samples of the tannery wastewater, but penicillin V, amoxicillin, streptomycin, ampicillin and vancomycin were not detected in the same samples. The antibiotic resistance genes tet(A), tet(O), tet(M), erm(B), Sul(I), Sul(II) and Otr(A) were also detected in the tannery wastewater samples. An assessment on the use trend of antibiotics in livestock indicated that antibiotic contamination to tannery wastewater was highly likely to come from the misuse ofantibiotics in livestock disease treatment.
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    Tannery Wastewater Treatment using Alkaliphilic Sediment Inoculum in Anoxic-Oxic Bioprocess
    (Addis Ababa University, 2011-04) Admassu, Tesfaye; Gessesse, Amare (PhD)
    Tanning is one of the oldest industries known by its voluminous wastewater and the use of huge type and amount of chemicals. In Ethiopia there are over twenty tanning industries. Most of which release their wastes without pretreatment. TWW is known particularly by its high organic load, nitrogenous, sulfide and chromium contents and by its salinity and alkalinity. In the presence of these toxic substances and saline and alkaline conditions, TWW treatment by biological methods using conventional neutrophilic organisms is hardly efficient. The objective of this study was to treat TWW by naturally alkaliphilic sludge obtained from Soda Lake Chitu water and sediment using lab-scale anoxic-oxic activated sludge treatment system and to evaluate the adaptability of the inoculated sludge to the toxic tannery wastes. The efficacy of the alkaline sludge and performance of the reactors was evaluated by analyzing COD, TN, NH4 +, S2-, SO4 2-, NO3 -, Crtot, MLVSS, MLSS and pH of the raw and treated TWW. The system was operated on continuous basis, but physicochemical data was obtained at specific OLR of 1.92gCOD/L/d and 1.64gCOD/L/d at feed 1 and feed 2 respectively. The system was able to remove 99% S2-, 93%TN and 89% NO3 - at feed 1 and 96% NH4 +, 93% COD and 92% Crtot at feed 2 from raw TWW. The result showed that at relatively high OLR there was slightly better removal of sulfides, TN and nitrate but higher removal of COD, ammonia and chromium was observed at comparatively lower OLR. In addition, the treatment process was effective in removing the color and notorious odor of TWW. Among the key factors of the activated sludge in treating the nitrogenous TWW are denitrifying bacteria. Adaptability of inoculated microorganisms to the TWW was evaluated by isolating denitrifying bacteria from the inoculant lake sediment and from the steady state treatment system. Comparative characterizations of these isolates showed that there was little difference in their pH optima (9.5-10.5) and range, chromium tolerance (250-2500mg/l) and preferences to energy sources. Also the differences in their cell wall chemistry (<3%), colony morphology, starch hydrolyzing ability and catalase reaction were minimal. But remarkable difference was evident in nitrate reducing ability and salt tolerance. Denitrifying isolates obtained from the treatment system were found to be complete nitrate reducers, incomplete nitrate reducers, exclusively nitrite reducers and both nitrite and nitrate reducers, but isolates from the inoculum were only complete and incomplete nitrate reducers. Presence of exclusively nitrite reducers, both nitrite and nitrate reducers and tolerance to high salinity by the denitrifying isolates obtained from the treatment system (DS) showed a shift in denitrification function by the inoculated microbial community. The shift in denitrification function and tolerance to high salinity conditions by the DS isolates was supposed to be associated to the adverse nature of TWW and strict anoxic condition to which the bacteria adapt the new environment than resisting it. Key words: Tannery wastewater; Lake Chitu, alkaliphiles; denitrifying bacteria; lab scale activated sludge.