Browsing by Author "Addisalem Mesfin"

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    Compiled Body of Works in Field Epidemiology.
    (Addis Abeba Universty, 2016-05) Addisalem Mesfin; Daddi Jimma
    Background: Diarrheal diseases can be caused by numerous pathogens and transmitted through multiple vehicles. Worldwide, 780 million individuals lack access to improved drinking-water and 2.5 billion lack improved sanitation. Globally, there are nearly 1.7 billion cases of diarrheal disease every year. On June 3, 2015, a team from the EPHI was deployed to investigate for AWD outbreak in Amibara woreda of Afar region, Ethiopia. Method: We conducted a descriptive study followed by unmatched case control study, using a structured questionnaire to collect data from cases (51) and controls (102) to find out the risk association. We took water samples for Microbial analysis and 1102 Stool samples were collected for bacterial culture and parasitological investigations. Epi Info was used to calculate frequencies, odds ratios and SPSS to perform logistic regression to identify risk factors for diarrhea from 03 June-02 Jul 2015. Result: Fifty-one cases and 102 controls were enrolled. On multivariate logistic regression analysis Cases attending patient (AOR=7.5; 95%CI: 2.43, 23.35), Lack of using soap after toilet or latrine (AOR = 5.2; 95% CI: 1.66, 16.34) were more likely to be affected by diarrhea. Copared to those who wash third hands after toilet; those who washed their hands sometimes were more likely to develop diarrhea (AOR = 7.2; 95% CI: 1.95, 26.64). Also those who used latrine were more likely to be affected by diarrhea (AOR= 19.6; 95% CI: 6.47, 59.45). Conclusion: The causative agent of the outbreak was confirmed by lab.Factors independently associated with the occurrence of diarrhea outbreak were attending patient, not using soap after toilets, washing hands some times after toilet and using toilet were found risk factor for the occurrence of this outbreak. Therefore, these findings underscore the importance of adequate access to safe water, sanitation, hygiene and environmental sanitation as well as continuous treatment of drinking water is highly recommended.