Browsing by Author "Addis Tesfa"

Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Occurrence of Multiple, Extensive and Pan Drug-resistant Pseudomonas Aeruginosa and Carbapenemase Production from Presumptive Isolates Stored in a Biobank at Ethiopian Public Health Institute
    (Addis Abeba University, 2021-06) Addis Tesfa; Desta Kassu ; Araya Shambel
    Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common cause of nosocomial infections with associated morbidity and mortality because the organism is unresponsive to commonlyavailable antimicrobials. This study was undertaken to determine the Multiple Drug-Resistant(MDR), Extensive Drug-Resistant (XDR) and Pan Drug-Resistant (PDR) phenotype ofP.aeruginosa and its carbapenemase production rate from presumptive isolates stored in thebio-bank at the Ethiopian Public Health Institute (EPHI). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the EPHI laboratory, Addis Ababa,Ethiopia from March to June 2021. Stored isolates of Pseudomonas spp. which had beencharacterized by manual identification methods were further processed for species-levelidentification (ID) and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) using a Becton Dickinson(BD) Phoenix automated system. The isolates were analyzed for carbapenemase enzymeproduction using the modified Carbapenem Inactivation Method (mCIM). The data analysiswas done using SPSS version 20 software. Results: In this study, 110 presumptive Pseudomonas isolates from a biobank were reanalyzed,100 of them were found to be Pseudomonas and among these P.aeruginosaaccounted for 98% and P.putida accounted for 2%. The majority of isolates were recoveredfrom wound (46%) specimens followed by ear swabs (18%). The highest level of resistancewas observed against Ceftazidime (35%) and the lowest level of resistance was observedagainst Amikacin (2%). Twenty-seven isolates were identified as candidates forcarbapenemase enzyme production testing, of which only 3/27 (11%) isolates were detectedas carbapenemase enzyme producers. Conclusions: This study shows an increasing rate of MDR and XDR isolates and theappearance of PDR in P.aeruginosa strain, this is a serious problem in Ethiopia. The lack ofnewer anti-pseudomonal antibiotics adds to the problem. In order to alleviate this problem, Infection prevention activities should be promoted, and treatment of bacterial infectionsshould be guided by antibiotic susceptibility test results.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    The Role of African Film to Promote African Culture: The Case of Ethiopian Film
    (Addis Ababa University, 2022-06-01) Addis Tesfa; Dawit Lakew
    African films have presently been made available by content providers to diverse individuals both home and in the diaspora due to the availability of several new media platforms supported by technology. Due to globalization and the exponential rate at which those in the emerging world are embracing western cultures, anxieties have been raised as to the future of African cultural heritage. Ethiopia is one of the few African countries with a lengthy filmmaking history. Ethiopian filmmaking dates back to the 1930s. For a long time, however, its development was stalled. In Ethiopian film production consequently, this study examined the role of African films in promoting African culture in the case of Ethiopian movie. The research applies the qualitative research methodology, The Focus Group Discussion, (FGD) interview with Film professionals and academic expert qualitative data collection method was adopted involving. Findings revealed that to some extent, the Ethiopian films are used to promote Ethiopian culture but they do not fully portray the original Ethiopian culture due to cultural hybridization. Furthermore, findings showed that most films are haphazardly produced abandoning the original Ethiopian contents. However, it was concluded that as much as these films are initially targeted towards promoting and portraying Ethiopian African cultures, they defeat the whole spirit by marrying different cultures. The study therefore recommended that priority should be given to local contents as this will make the Ethiopian culture appear vital and important. Conclusively, the study also recommended that the government should facilitate fund for local films ,should support the film makers by giving theme training and opening film schools ,the filmmakers also must conduct thorough research and read extensively about the their local culture if they must get it right