Browsing by Author "Abraham Abera"

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    Climate Smart Dairy Farming Practices for Greenhouse Gas Mitigation and Food Security Benefits in the Selale Highlands of Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2023-07) Abraham Abera; Feyera Senbeta ((PhD, Professor), Adugna Tolera (PhD, Professor), Dawit Diriba (PhD, Associate professor)
    Globally, there is a rising pressure on livestock production to boost productivity in order to increase income and food security, reduce GHG emissions, and strengthen farmers’ resilience to climate change effects. The overall objectives of this study were to investigate the economic and environmental benefits of climate-smart livestock farming, with particular emphasis on smallholder dairy farms, as well as the factors influencing the adoption of improved dairy technologies in the Selale milk belt, central highland of Ethiopia. The present study adopts a mixed research design with data from household surveys, livestock activity, and biological data. The econometric model, principal component analysis, lifecycle assessment, ANOVA, and IPCC Tier II were employed for data analysis. The result showed that most farmers had modest awareness and perceptions of climate-smart dairy farming practices and expressed a positive attitude towards reducing GHG emissions from animal agriculture and a willingness to adopt or promote the farming practices. Resource constraints, supply chain bottlenecks and market linkages, inadequate services, and a scarcity of information on dairy management have been reported as hindering improved dairy technology adoption and implementation in the study area. The adoption of a few or an integrated package of improved practices had significant impacts on farmers’ food security. The overall average carbon footprints (CF) of milk production were 1.91 and 2.35 kg CO2e/kg fat and protein corrected milk (FPCM) (IPCC (2007) and IPCC (2014) GWPs), respectively, and have shown significant variation across farming systems. Enteric methane emissions using IPCC Tiers have shown up to 22.1% and 59.6% lower than the IPCC's (2019) default emission factors for dairy cows and other cows, respectively. Methane emission intensity has shown significant variation across the intensification gradients. Finally, our findings concluded that using climate-smart dairy practices would increase animal productivity, reduce GHG emissions, and enhance farmers’ food security, thereby contributing to the country’s suitable development goal.
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    The Implication of External Support for Ethiopian Human Right Commission (2019-2023)
    (Addis ababa university, 2024-11-01) Abraham Abera; Solomon Mebrie (PhD)
    The Ethiopian Human Rights Commission was established for the purpose of promoting and protecting human rights in Ethiopia. Therefore, the purpose of this thesis is to evaluate the impact of external support on the performance of Ethiopian Human Right Commission. In order to do this, the thesis examines the commission's history since it went into force, the effectiveness of the commission's mandate and powers, accessibility, independence, operational efficiency, accountability, collaboration with international organizations, other human rights institutions, and civil society is reassessed in general in the thesis. The thesis analyzed primary and secondary sources using qualitative research approach. The primary sources included Commission’s founding proclamation, the 1993 Paris principles, interview with Commission’spartnership officer. On the other hand, interview conducted with important members of the Ethiopian Human Rights Defenders Center, Association for Human Rights in Ethiopia, and Consortium of Ethiopian Human Rights Organizations. Secondary sources included reports by Ethiopian human right commission and international human right organizations. The data collection method was Key informant interviews. Data analysis technique was thematic analysis. According to this thesis, the commission made progress between 2019 and 2023 after attempting to make reform. However, a significant amount of external assistance was required to make this progress. In light of these findings, the thesis suggests that a team to be established at both government and commission levels to conduct intelligence work in order to determine the source of funding and the manner in which the commission uses the funds. The thesis suggests in order to preserve the independence and integrity of the commission, a comprehensive plan shouldbe put in place by the government and the Commission to raise a competitive budget internally