Browsing by Author "Abera, Kebede"

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    The Impacts of Land Certification on Sustainable Investments and Land Management in Ethiopia; The Case of Duna Wereda, Hadiya Zone, SNNPR, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2017-06) Abera, Kebede; Legass, Asmamaw (PhD)
    The objective of this study at the impacts of land certification on sustainable investments on land management in the study area. Sample kebeles Awoya-Berkuncho, Goda-kenkicho and Semen-Wagebeta were selected purposively sampling technique. Primary data were collected through survey questionnaire, group discussion, key informant interview and field observation, while secondary data were collected from governmental organizations carried out in three administrative kebeles from the total thirty two kebeles. The data were analyzed by using verbal description and statistical analyses (correlation analysis). The result of correlation is confirmed that, there is a positive and significant relationship between investments on land management and land certification. The result showed that tenure security was low during the past regimes because of frequent land redistribution and this contributes a lot towards natural resource (land) degradation in the wereda. However, in response to the problem the current government has taken measures of rural land certification to increase tenure security by granting holding certificate as legal evidence. In addition, land related disputes are decreased and the vulnerable group of the society especially women land rights are protected as a result of holding certificate. Moreover, there was low productivity of farm because of increasing price of inputs such as fertilizer and low awareness for certificate as collateral /guarantee/ to the financial institute. In general, the findings of the study demonstrate that the feeling of land rights security is increasing through time, while land certification carried out to increase tenure security has been achieving its intended objectives and is sustainably effective in improving investments on land management of landholders in the study wereda. Key words: Land policy, Land administration, Land tenure, Land rights, Land certification, Land management
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    Seroprevalence, Isolation and Molecular Detection of Brucella Species from Camel and Small Ruminants in Tigray and Afar Regional States of Ethiopia
    (2020-06) Abera, Kebede; Dr. Shimeles Tesfaye, Dr. Matios Lakew
    A cross sectional sero- and molecular survellience was conducted in Afar and Tigray regions of Ethiopia to determine the seroprevalence, isolation and molecular identification of Brucella species using Real time PCR in small ruminants and camels from November 2019 to May 2020. A total of 2523 serum samples; camel (n= 1625) and small ruminants (n=898) were collected for the seroprevalence study. In addition, 15 vaginal swab samples from animals having recent history of abortion were also collected for isolation and molecular detection of Brucella species. Following serum harvest, the blood clot was subjected to DNA extraction for detection of Brucella species using PCR. In addition, data related to risk factors of brucellosis infection were collected to assess the potential association of risk factors with seropositivity. Multi-species ELISA Kit was used to detect the presence of circulating antibodies against Brucella species whereas; vaginal swabs were processed and cultured on Brucella selective media for bacterial isolation and identification. The seroprevalence of brucellosis was determined as 12.1% (95% CI: 10.1- 14.5%) and 11.5% (95% CI: 8.9-11.8) for small ruminants and camels, respectively. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that sex, age and parity have significantly associated (p < 0.05) with Brucella infection in camels (OR 0.42 (95% CI: 0.27-0.64) P=0.000, OR 0.64(95% CI: 0.44-0.92), P= 0.017and OR 0.61(95% CI: 0.43-0.86), P= 0.004 respectively. Where as, species, abortion history, and herd size were not statistically significant (P >0.05). Concerning small ruminants, sex, age, parity, abortion history, and herd size were not statistically significant (P >0.05). Bacterial culture result showed that Brucella colonies were isolated from 13.3 % (2/15) of vaginal swab samples of caprine and both isolates were identified as Brucella melitensis using real time PCR. Similarly 295 blood clots from seropositive animals were tested with PCR and the result showed that seven camel samples were positive for IS711 prmer that indicates Brucella genus. Further analysis indicated that four of them were B. melitensis whereas three were not amplified with both B. melitensis and B. abortus specific primers, which indicates they may be other Brucella species. This study showed relatively higher prevalence of brucellosis in camel and small ruminants in Tigray and Afar Regions, signaling an urgent need for intervention to control the disease and prevent zoonotic transmission of brucellosis to the community.