Browsing by Author "Abera, Abebe"

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    Analgesic effectiveness of intrathecal tramadol added to Bupivacaine compared with Bupivacaine alone for spinal anesthesia For Mothers Delivered by Cesarean Section at Empress Zewditu Memorial Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
    (Addis Ababa Universty, 2018-06) Abera, Abebe; Sitot, Mulualem(Bsc, Msc. In Anesthesia, Lecturer)
    Background: Spinal Anesthesia has become more widely practiced anesthetic technique. It is simple to institute, rapid in its effect and produces excellent operating conditions. Postoperative pain after cesarean section is common and more intense compared to post vaginal delivery pain. Therefore, intrathecal adjuvants play an important role in maternal analgesia in the postoperative time. It has been shown in clinical studies that using tramadol intrathecal can provide longer duration of analgesia, without the common side effects of opioids. Objective: To compare analgesic effectiveness of intrathecal tramadol as an adjuvant with bupivacaine in comparison with bupivacaine alone for mother delivered by cesarean section at Empress Zewditu Memorial Hospital from January 1 to March 30, 2018. Methods: Hospital based observational prospective cohort study was employed for 62 laboring mothers who fulfilled inclusion and deliver by cesarean section under spinal anesthesia selected with systematic random sampling from schedule list. Data was collected immediately after SA administration at 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40 minutes. Starting from the immediate postoperative time, an assessment was done at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 12 hours for numerical rating scale (NRS). Based on normality assumption, analysis was done by independent t test, Mann –Whitney U test, χ2 or Fisher’s exact test as appropriate. P-value <0.05 was consider as statistically significant. Result: Hemodynamic change was comparable and there was no adverse effect between the groups. The median pain scores were lower in exposed (BT) group at the 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th hours postoperatively and there was statistical significant difference at 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th hours postoperatively between exposed (BT) and non-exposed (BA) groups (p<0.001). The duration of anesthesia was effectively prolonged in group BT (245.33 ± 22.854 minutes) compared to group BA (135.00 ± 21.735 minute) (p<0.001). Conclusion and Recommendation: This study showed that intrathecal tramadol (20 mg) can safely be used along with bupivacaine in subarachnoid blockade to prolong the duration of analgesia. We recommend the use of intrathecal tramadol additive for effective post-operative analgesia for cesarean section.
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    Readers’ Perspectives on the Readability of the Sports News Writing of the Ethiopian Sports Newspapers
    (Addis Ababa University, 2008-06) Abera, Abebe; Simon, Gebremedhin (PhD)
    The aim of this study is to investigate readers’ viewpoints on the readability of the sports news stories reporting of the local sport newspapers. The researcher was interested in working on this area for he repeatedly observed that some readers claimed that the sport news stories were difficult to read easily and comprehend efficiently. The central point of this study is readability. There have been debates and different viewpoints among scholars on the concept of readability; factors that determine readability of a text, and the tools used to measure to detect text difficulty. It is important to note that the theoretical perspectives presented are partially at odd with the view that factors attribute to readability are still arguable. Some scholars would disagree with the argument that linguistic factors can contribute to readability. This study, however, focused only on the linguistic variables for readers’ viewpoints mainly focused on this area. In all, the participants provided five problem areas that accounted for the news stories difficulty of easy reading and efficient understanding. These include: news stories language usage, structure difficulties and omission of required information and/or details; messed up news contents structure, and incoherent news contents organization. In order to study readers’ viewpoints, the researcher, based on the readers’ viewpoints, stated the assumption that the news stories reporting were not readable due to some linguistic barriers or may be otherwise. To this end, the researcher used the qualitative research approach because some factors of readability of news text are subject to individual readers. According to some scholars, these factors are difficult to trace using quantification methods. For example, news structuring and organization and understanding of a news text cannot be measured statistically. Besides, as stated in the literature review, the processes of reading and understanding of a text are often complex, inconsistent and inclusive. It seemed appropriate to see them in the readers’ perspectives. Thus, semi-structured and focus group discussion techniques were used to collect data. Generally, as it was hypothesized, the narrative data showed that the states of the readability of the news stories were found to be difficult to read and understand easily and efficiently by all the general readers due to the linguistic factors predicted in the hypotheses, though it was at different levels. This might be for the stories were not reported in clear, precise, simple, telling, coherent, emotion enticing and forthcoming writing, and strong and grabbing news stories narration and organization. Besides, the results showed that readability is subject to various non-linguistic variables, such as readers’ prior semantic and syntactic knowledge and purposes of reading though exhaustive investigations were not made on these issues. So, results confirmed that there was a positive relation between the hypotheses and the results