Browsing by Author "Abebe, Solomon"

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    Assessment Of Fleet Management Practices In The Case Of United Nations Selected agencies In Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2018-06-06) Abebe, Solomon; Temesgen, Busha (PhD)
    Fleet management plays a very significant role as it manages the flow of goods along the supply chain and therefore helps in controlling supply chain costs. Fleet management systems describe the main characteristics of the various types of fleet management applications in use. Such areas include maintenance and repair, fuel management speed management, vehicle scheduling and routing, driver management and monitoring and tracking. The main objective of this study is to assess fleet management practice of the selected UN agencies found in Ethiopia. The study used descriptive research design and also used mixed approach of both quantitative and qualitative data method. The data instruments of this study has incorporated both primary and secondary source of data. The target population for this study was mainly involved in fleet management department for the selected UN agencies in Ethiopia and the study used all the total population of the study with a total of 42 respondents was selected. Out of 42 total populations 34 valid responses were collected and analyzed. The researcher used statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS 20.0) for the data analysis and get the required analysis results for study. The researcher also presents the results by using descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation, charts, tables and other related statistical data presentation techniques. The major finding of the study indicates that, there are challenges in facing component failure and accident, problems of monitoring, tracking, routing and scheduling and lack of driver training program for the selected UN agencies. To conclude this study, there are no mechanisms of monitoring, tracking and routing of vehicle and no regular preventive maintenance and repair. The results indicate that the agencies should be considering the importance of monitoring, tracking and routing of vehicles in implementing current technology like GPS and should have used software technology to properly track vehicle movement for better decision making process.
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    Developing Parametric Solar Envelope for Ethiopian Cities
    (Addis Ababa University, 2020-10) Abebe, Solomon; Assefa, Tibebu (PhD)
    The effects of poorly designed buildings in terms of limited access to sunlight on critical times affect the health of building occupants and become the growing concerns about global warming, Ozone layer, depletion of fossil energy source and soaring oil prices. So, planning in a way to allow for sun access by regulating the form, height, orientation and organization of the built environment is important. This paper deals about the design and applicability of solar envelope to residential houses of Ethiopian cities to get access for solar or shade right. Solar envelope is a building volume limit that will not cast shadows on surrounding buildings at specified times so as to create comfortable indoor climate for humans based on the sun’s movement (time) relative to the location and geometry of a site (space). The concept of solar envelope was first developed as a framework for architecture and urban design at the University of Southern California (USC) over the period 1969 to 1971 by Professor Ralph Knowles. For this end, NCEP stations found all over the country were tapped and their heating and cooling degree days have been computed correlating the respective temperature with the standard base temperature, 18.3 o c. Besides, reference cities were identified after the regionalizing Ethiopia based on their respective degree days. Then, sun path diagram for each region has been prepared and used to identify the critical sun angles, Azimuth and Altitude of the sun, for the specified time ranges. Finally, parametric solar envelopes have been developed for each zone of reference city and this will be a basic for energy efficient envelope building creation.
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    Knowledge-Based System for Settling Tort Claims under the Ethiopian Law
    (Addis Ababa University, 2010-01-06) Abebe, Solomon; Meshesha, Million (PhD)
    Knowledge-based systems play an important role in solving problems and supporting human decision-making. The development of these systems begins with limited area of disciplines and then extends to a large number of other fields such as finding molecular structure, locating oil and mineral sites, medical diagnosis, computer system component selection etc. This research deals with the development of a KBS as an alternative approach for handling tort claims under the Ethiopian law. An extensive review of the ruling contemporary theories about the nature of law and legal reasoning is made during the development process so as to get an insight in the modeling of the expertise needed to tackle the problem. The required tacit knowledge is collected through semi-structured interviews with domain experts. Moreover, the review of statute books, case reports and journal articles are also analyzed to gather explicit knowledge in the domain area. CommonKADS and decision tree modeling techniques are used in the modeling of expertise. Rule-Based Reasoning (RBR) approach is adopted to represent the necessary knowledge in the knowledge base of the system. The Knowledge base is developed using SWI prolog which supports backward chaining to make inferences by reading the composed rules in the knowledge base. The testing of the prototype system is done first by using artificial test data and then a sample of thirteen previously decided test cases is taken in law of torts to make comparisons on the decision made by the system and human experts. Similar decisions passed in situation when all sufficient conditions are given for the application and non-application of the rules. However, the decision made by human experts differs in most cases. This is due to the fact that the decisions are not only determined by written rules but also some extra-legal factors which have to do with political, cultural, economic , and religious beliefs of the judges . It also influenced by the personal and psychological characteristics of a judge. Therefore, the development of a KBS that incorporates predictive capacity to predict judicial decisions by taking precedents (or decided cases) and examining closely the personal attitudes of the presiding judges towards political, cultural, economic, religious, and social factors are demanding to make the system credible in the legal community.
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    Optimizing the Technical and Social Benefits of Solar Photovoltaic Technologies in Ethiopia.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2016-11) Tesfay, Abadi; Abebe, Solomon
    Despite the abundance of renewable energy resources in the country, the rural and urban communities in Ethiopia are suffering from shortage of electricity. The grid electricity could not reach many areas due to inaccessibly related to remoteness. Solar energy, a resource widely available throughout the country, is also not utilized. Accordingly, this study tries to identify limits on technical and social benefits of solar photovoltaic technologies in Ethiopia thereby its use to increase electricity access. Thus we assess factors affecting the dissemination activities, such as solar PV installation practices, Solar Home and institutional system distribution strategies, system failures and their causes. To conduct this research, we performed desk reviews, Key informant interview, focus group discussions and field surveys. In addition, we analyzed the impact of PV orientation by comparing simulation result made by PVsyst software at various angles observed during field survey. One Kebles from each four regions, namely SNNPR, Amhara, Oromia and Tigrai regions were selected, where about 20 households were surveyed. In doing so, Factors affecting the dissemination activities as well as best orientation were able to be determined. The study also assess that, how Availability of replacement and maintenance, lack of Public awareness creation and institutional problems, tariff and shortage of market can affect the accessibility and large scale distribution of PV system. In order to disseminate the solar PV in ample amount throughout the country, this study would like to recommend that factors affecting the distribution needs to be considered at all levels in way to achieve maximum result, technical capability of the solar PV needs to optimized through appropriate installation with a recommended tilt and azimuth angle. By doing so, the vision that we aspire to have sustainable energy supply in the country as well as a reduce level of emission from biomass will be garnered. Key Words: SHS and institutional PV systems, social benefit, factors affecting solar PV dissemination, orientation optimization, tilt angle and azimuth angle, modeling.
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    The Prevalence of Mental Distress and Sexual Violence Among Refugees At Sherkole Camp
    (Addis Ababa University, 2008-06) Abebe, Solomon; Tadese, Sintayehu (PhD)
    The study focused on assessing the prevalence of mental distress and sexual violence among refugees at Sherkole Camp. It also aimed at investigating the causes, consequences, and phases of sexual violence. Furthermore, the study examined the prevalence of mental distress and sexual violence across age, sex and country of origin. To achieve the objectives of the study in question, 450 randomly selected refugees and 11 purposefully selected national staffs participated in the study. Thus, a total of 465 participants involved in the study. Different data collection instruments (SRQ 20 scale, interview focus group discussion and case history) were employed to gather the necessary data. Chi square was employed to analyze the obtained data. The prevalence of mental distress among refugees was found to be 44%. About 56.97% of the respondents surveyed in the study had thoughts of ending their life in the past 30 days. Reported mental distresses significantly differ among female and male respondents. More females 1 75 (83.33%) than male 160(72.72%) were found to suffer from mental distress(X2= 7. 02, df=l, P=0.008). Furthermore, the prevalence rate of mental distresses were high among Sudanese than non Sudanese (X2=58.6, df=l, P=O.OOO) refugees. On the other hand, the prevalence of sexual violence among refugees was found to be 52. 38%. In general according to the findings of the study the majority of the refugees at Sherkole encountered mental distress (44%) and experienced sexual violence (52.38). Far distance between tap water and shelter, intoxication and lack of awareness were among reported causes of sexual violence. Unwanted pregnancy, gynecological complications, sexually transmitted disease (STD), mental illness, suicidal feeling were found to be major consequences of sexual violence. Awareness creation, counseling and psycho social supports are recommended.
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    Rural-Urban Migration: Socio-Economic Challenges of Migrants From Rural Areas of Western Shawa to Burayu Town
    (Addis Ababa University, 2018-06) Abebe, Solomon; Emana, Teshome (PhD)
    This study is deals with rural-urban migration from Western Shawa to Burayu town. The study mainly focused on the socio-economic challenges which migrants have faced at the place of destination. It also discussed the socio-cultural interaction that the study group have built with the host community. In recent years the rate of rural-urban migration has become alarming as more people flow into the urban centers from the rural areas. Rural-urban migration can be caused by several factors. However, extreme poverty, unemployment and shortage of agricultural land are the major deriving factors behind this movement. The nature and volume of migration in Ethiopia in the last two decades have been shaped by social, economic, political and demographic reason. It is obvious that thousands of books were published on this topic in the national and international levels so many research articles and journals were also produced on it. Although the subject matter has been treated in various disciplines, most of them deals with the purely economic aspects of rural-urban migration. In contrary, this study is mainly focused on Socio-cultural matters of the problem. But, this doesn‟t mean that nobody has conducted a research on the Socio-cultural aspects of rural-urban migration. Several workers were also done on the issue earlier. In this case, this study might be adding some knowledge and fill the gap on the existing one. Most interestingly the study has treated the problem in anthropological fashion. To realize the intended objective, the study has conducted in the manner of qualitative approach. Both primary and secondary data were used to attain the designed objective. Primary data collection tools like in-depth interview, observation and focused group discussed were implemented to generate valuable information. Then, the data obtained though these techniques were supported by secondary data, published and unpublished materials. Migration in general and rural-urban migration in particular has a last long history in the life of humankind. But, the situation is varied in scale and intensity in terms of time and place. The current trend, however, became worse both in the local and global context. Poverty and other Socio-cultural factors can be considered as the major factors for this global problem of the human being.