Browsing by Author "Abebe, Getachew"

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    Anxiety, Attitude towards Mathematics and Mathematics Achievement of Tenth Grade Students at Government and Private Schools in kolfe keranio sub city of Addis Ababa
    (Addis Ababa University, 2015-06) Abebe, Getachew; Andualem, Tamire (Ato)
    The aim of this study was to investigate differences in attitudes towards mathematics, mathematics anxiety, and mathematical achievement due to sex, and school type, and to display how well anxiety and attitude towards mathematics determine students’ mathematical achievement controlling for sex and school type. Attitude and anxiety mathematics scales were administered to 307 tenth grade students (128 private and 179 government) and the data collected were analyzed using statistical techniques of mean, standard deviation, independent samples t-test and multiple regression analyses. Results revealed significant differences in attitude, in anxiety and in mathematics scores with respect to type of schools, but no significant sex differences with respect to private schools, government schools and both types of the schools combined together. The multiple regression analysis displayed that sex, school type, attitude towards mathematics and mathematics anxiety had statistically significant contribution on students’ mathematics achievement explaining 45.8% of the variance in mathematics achievement. Of the variables treated in the study, attitude towards mathematics and mathematics anxiety were the best predictor variables of the student mathematics achievement. Based on the findings, valuable suggestions were forwarded for stakeholders. Thus, to decrease the students’ negative attitude towards mathematics and mathematics anxiety students, parents, teachers, school administrators and education planners work together cooperatively; government schools learn best practices from private schools especially in the use of instructional time and teachers create student-centered teaching methods.
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    Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practices on Regulatory Food Hygiene and Safety Requirements among Cake and Ice-cream Manufacturers and Workers and Trends of Regulatory Measures in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    (Addis Abeba University, 2021-12) Abebe, Getachew; Dr.Tamene, Aynadis; Girma, Tewodros
    Background: Poor knowledge, attitude and practices of hygiene can contribute to the outbreaks of food borne illness. Most foods, including cake and ice cream products, could be affected by food borne pathogens, mainly due to poor hygienic conditions and inappropriate food handling practices. Inadequate knowledge, negative attitude and poor practices on food hygiene and weak regulation practices are among the factors responsible for the occurrence of poor hygienic conditions and inappropriate food handling practices. Objective: To assess the level of knowledge, attitude and practice on regulatory food hygiene and safety requirements among cake and ice-cream workers and trend of regulatory measures in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: For knowledge, attitude and practices of workers assessment, a cross-sectional survey was conducted in purposely selected 5 sub cities and 108 manufacturers. 236 workers were selected by simple random sampling technique and interviewed using structured questionnaire. For the assessment of trends of regulatory measures, data were collected from 10 inspection team leaders (9 sub cities' food medicine and health care administration office and one Addis Ababa food medicine and health care administration authority) using a structured questionnaire. Data was entered using EPI info version 7.2 and cleaning and analysis was performed by using SPSS version 25. Result: The mean age and work experience of workers in the cake and ice-cream manufacturing companies were 30.03 and 5.72, respectively. About 46.6 % (110) of participants had no formal education. Only 2.5% of participant's field of study was related to their job.72.9 %, 37.3% and 59.3% of participants had poor knowledge, attitude and practice level about food hygiene and safety regulatory requirements, respectively. The total measure taken by the regulatory bodies on non complaints of requirements was 129 and 99 by 1 st and 2 nd half year of 2019, respectively. It was also 115 and 128 by the 1 st and 2 nd half years of 2020, respectively. Warning, lockdown and withdrawal from work were the major regulatory measures taken by the regulatory bodies. Conclusion/recommendation: Most workers do have poor knowledge and practice towards food hygiene and safety regulatory parameters. Though most of the workers knew the importance of hand washing practices, practically they were not complying. In contrast to the knowledge level, overall, more than half of the participants had good level of attitude towards food hygiene and safety regulatory requirements. The overall level of food hygiene and safety regulatory practices was poor. Though the sum total practice level was poor, the majority of them were also good at some specific requirements. The present study also pointed out that most of the regulatory measures taken by the regulation bodies on non-fulfillment were simple type of measures like warning.
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    Ethiopian Field Epidemiology Training Program (EFETP) Compiled Body of Works in Field Epidemiology
    (Addis Abeba University, 2015-06) Abebe, Getachew; Haeider, Jemal (PhD)
    Background: Globally an estimated number of 20 million cases and 164,000 deaths occur from measles each year. Airborne transmission of measles virus has been documented with reproduction ratio (RR) of 12-18. Measles is still a public health problem in many developing countries, particularly in parts of Africa and Asia. The aim of investigation was to identify etiologic agent, risk factors and institute doable intervention measures. Methods: A 1:2 unmatched case-control study was applied from December 20-30/2014 and data were collected using structured questionnaire. The data were entered in to SPSS version 16, Epiinfo7 and MS-Excel work sheet, Odds Ratio, 95% CI and P-value were constructed to measure the significance of association in bivariate and multivariate analysis. Results: The outbreak stayed for 24 weeks and a total of 404 suspected cases of measles and six cases were died with CFR of 1.5%. The mean age of the cases was 11.9 years with a range of 9 months - 35 years and mean age of controls was 5.5 years with a range of 1-21 years. The overall attack rate (AR) of the case was 163/100,000 populations. Odds of illness among non vaccinated (AOR: 5; 95% CI: 1.5-16.2; P: 0.006) compared to vaccinated, odds of illness among people with contact (AOR: 19.6; 95% CI: 1.3-290; P< 0.029) compared to people without contact with cases, odds of illness among people with travel history (AOR: 14.9; 95% CI: 3.8-58; P< 0.001) compared to without travel history, odds of illness among age group from 5-15 years (AOR: 38.5 ; 95% CI: 3.6-410; p < 0.002) compared to others. These were significant factors in both bivariate and multivariate analysis. Conclusion: Unvaccinated children less than 15 years of age were primarily affected by this outbreak. The case fatality rate was greater than 1%. Delayed case management and late investigation worsened the situation of an outbreak in the affected locality. Absence of vaccination, contact with the suspected individuals and travel history to affected areas were found to be risk factors. Mass vaccination and active case management to contain the epidemics is strongly recommended. Key words: Measles, Outbreak, Fogera, Ethiopia
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    Vulnerability of Mojo Drinking Water Supply Well Aquifer to Anthropogenic Development
    (Addis Ababa University, 2015-06) Abebe, Getachew; Mohammed, Mebruk (PhD)
    Ethiopia’s Water Resources Management Policy of 1999 gives highest priority to supply drinking water as a national wide. Accordingly MoWE called attention to solve problems associate to unstable states of deficient supplies and increasing demands. Mojo Town with rapid incremental population, the former existing water supply scheme found inadequate to meet the increasing demands of water for domestic uses. Hence, new water supply project for the Mojo town has been executed and its works of construction on progress so far to alleviate such escalating demands for the potable water due to advancing developments. The Mojo water supply scheme depends on groundwater as the sole resource of drinking water from boreholes at Mojo well field. This well field system is designed containing of three deep boreholes where development for each closer to Mojo Perennial River. All over again, this river is basically apprehensive of contaminants because of existences of more than seventeen factories of tanneries, oil factories, waste disposal site and six depots in which roughly all have established at about the brink of this river and most of the factories have not been facilitated with waste treatment plants so that these can be considered as the main sources of potential threats. Therefore; this research paper was primarily initiated attributable to these conditions and was been conducted. As a return of this study, the maximum radius of influences was established fixing to be 3853m considering the entire pumps in the boreholes were assumed working at once under case scenario of the wells operation with aquifer maximum transimissivity and minimum storativity and with the designed pumping rates. The minimum length of the plume position which existing at closest distant from well head is discovered at 2034m at the downstream of the well field. So the contaminant plume is circumscribed in the influence zone of the pumping when the boreholes will start functioning. It also elaborates the particular radii of influences as results of operating boreholes and realizes that the cones of depressions are interacting with the Mojo perennial River and this river is suspicious agents of the potential threats of contaminants sites as previously described. Capture zone was also delineated at mean distance of 110m from the wells head considering case scenario when the boreholes are all simultaneously operating, visualizing that this may supportive in deciding remedying measures to protect the potential threatening of the contaminants from admittances into the boreholes at time when pumps in boreholes will be under equipped to operation. In determinations of differentiating influences of the long term operating boreholes, the superposed drawdown for groups and individual boreholes under varying aquifer parameters was approximated and noticed the intersecting of cones of depressions arrangements and thus in this coincidence it recognized the happenstances of well interference at the Mojo well field while the boreholes are operating.