Browsing by Author "Abebe, Behailu"

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    The Influence of the Market: Labour, Production Practices and Land Rentals in Gondino Village Ada'a Eastern Shewa
    (AAU, 1996-06) Abebe, Behailu; Pankhurst, Alula(Dr
    Godino, located 12 Ian in the north east of Bishoftu town in Ada 'a Woreda of eastern Shewa, has been a witness to changes and contm' u'ty f I h . I I 0 ox-p oug agncu ture . Changes have been induced both from external Sources (state interventions as well as urban and market influence) and internal factors (population pressure the horticultural enterprise of Ts'ahafi TIIzaz and competition of farmers) . Like other parts of Ada 'a, Godino agriculture has adapted to the intensification of labour, crop-livestock integration and specialization in cash crops (mainly t'ef, wheat, Sugar cane, and onions) in the 20th century. The horticultural enterprise of Ts' ahafi TIIzaz introduced wage labour, founded crowded settlements, promoted social services, consolidated political control, and resulted in a specialisation in cash crops (notably sugar cane). Households had different levels and requirement of labour for agricultural tasks. Despite encroachment of hired labour from irrigated on rainfed agriculture even before the revolution, cooperative labour was utilized in bigger sizes and frequency. After the revolution, wage labourers dominated tenants in the competition for exclusively utilizing irrigated fields through their association which was favoured by collectivization of the darg regime. During this period , differentiation took on new fo rms based on oxen ownership, availability of labour and cash resulting in the coining the word taramaj for successful farmers. The earlier processes of crowded settlement, specialization in cash crops and crop-livestock integration have been further intensified. During the mixed economy policy of the darg, commercialization of farm land commenced with the introduction of new land rentals. The significance of large-sized cooperative labour was drastically reduced after the 1975 land reform. Following the predominance of cash-oriented production, hired labour gained prominence over cooperatl. ve a I b our, w hich , although it has been sustained to the present time , has been much reduced in scale.