Browsing by Author "Abdulkader Mahmud"

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    Assesment of the Immune Status of Hiv Positive and Hiv Negative Individuals With and Without Intestinal Parasitic Infections
    (Addis Ababa University, 1988-06) Abdulkader Mahmud; Petros Beyene (PhD); Rinke Tobias (PhD)
    Several features of the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) epidemic in developing countries make it different from the epidemic in the industrialised world. Faster rate of progression to AIDS and death, and a higher risk of infection after exposure to my are reported from developing regions of the world. Differences in natural history of HIY infection in developing versus industrialised countries might be related to differences in the immune status and responses of the patients. This might be due to exposure to mUltiple pathogens in the former countries, among which intestinal parasitic infections are the most common. The objective of this cross-sectional study is to assess the immune status of my infected individuals with and without intestinal parasites and to determine the effect of treating parasitic infections on some immunological markers of the patients. Yarious immune cell subsets were examined by means of flow cytometry, using an extensive panel of monoclonal antibody combinations on my seropositive subjects and healthy controls with and without parasitic infections (n=80). Pre and post parasite treatment analysis was carried out in my seropositive (n=5) and seronegative (n=6) individuals. Stool specimens of all study subjects were examined for intestinal parasites using both direct and concentration methods. Decreased proportions of CD4+ cells and increase of CD8+ T cells were observed in the my seropositive subjects. As would b~ eX'pecte' s~en:jn'the' tb!fceU,: This: was characterized by a progressive decrease of eft;~c~or: ~0.lI~ 'a~d" ~t]' :ir;~~~a:~e :i.n 'l~emOry: cells. Intestinal parasitic infections had no statistically: slghif;c~ht: effcict' o:n : the' cI)4 and: \ CDS cell proportions. However, an elevated proportion of CD4 and CDS cells expressing the activation marker HLA-DR+CD38- was observed in the parasite-infected subjects regardless of their my status. The expression of the activation marker was significant in the CDS+ cells. Treatment of parasitic infections caused a significant reduction of the activated cells. Furthermore, increased levels of CD4 naive cells and decrease in the proportion of memory cells were seen after treatment for parasitic infections. Since activation of the immune system is known to enhance my infection of immune cells, parasitic infections that persistently activate the immune 'system seem to have positive interaction in my progression to AIDS. However, a much more thorough investigation needs to be conducted to substantiate the present findings.