Browsing by Author "Abdu, Mohammedmensur"

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    Arginase Activity in the Blood of Patients with HIV, TB and HIV/TB Co-infections
    (Addis Ababa University, 2015-09) Abdu, Mohammedmensur; Abebe, Tamrat(PhD); Mihret, Adane(PhD)
    Background: HIV/AIDS and TB remain a major global public health problem and their global distribution is heavily skewed toward low income and emerging economics. Africa, and more specifically Sub-Saharan Africa, faces the worst epidemic of the two diseases since the advent of the antibiotic era. Both TB and HIV have profound effects on the immune system, as they are capable of disarming the host’s immune responses through mechanisms that are not fully understood. The catabolism L-arginine by arginase has emerged as a potent mechanism for the regulation of immune responses. Objectives: To measure arginase activity in the blood of patient with HIV, TB and HIV/TB coinfected patients at Zewditu Memorial and St. peter's Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted from April 2014 to October 2014.Venous blood was collected from patients before initiation of treatment and controls in BD Vacutainer EDTA tubes. Isolation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) is performed by density gradient centrifugation on Histopaque-1077(Sigma) where as Plasma was obtained after centrifugation of a blood at 1800 rpm for 10 minutes. Arginase enzyme activity was determined using colorimetric assay based on color formed when urea produced is heated in acid with - isonitrosopropiophenone. Data were evaluated by using GraphPad Prism version 6.05 and the differences were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05. Result: Increased arginase activity was observed in PBMC of HIV, TB and HIV/TB co-infected patients than in PBMC of healthy controls and similarly higher arginase level also measured in plasma of TB and HIV/TB co-infected patients than in plasma of healthy control. Moreover, a CD+4 T cell counts of HIV and HIV/TB co-infected patients and BMI of HIV, TB and HIV/TB patients were negatively associated with PBMC arginase activity. Conclusion: Our results suggest that arginase activity is become higher during HIV, TB and HIV/TB co-infections. Keywords: PBMC, plasma, HIV, TB, HIV/TB patients, Arginase