Browsing by Author "Abdu, Jemal"

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    AComparative Study on Selected Tomato Varieties for Manufacturing Paste
    (Addis Ababa University, 2016-06) Abdu, Jemal; Edecha, Mekonen
    The favorable climatic condition, vast irrigation sources, abundant labor and other factors in Ethiopia are viable for the production and processing of tomato fruits, generally for fruits and vegetables. Tomato and tomato-based products are important sources of many established nutrients that have health benefits. This study aimed to compare the performance of selected local and foreign tomato varieties for manufacturing paste. The pastes were produced from three raw tomato varieties namely; Galilea (GL), Galilema (GLM), and Melkasalsa (MS). The Merti tomato paste in cans was used as a control sample which is commercially available in the market. The raw tomato and pastes proximate contents were determined using standard methods of analysis. Moreover, fruit weight, firmness, viscosity, and pH analyzed by instruments whereas Vitamin C and titratable acidity were determined using titration method. The samples were analyzed in triplicate. The data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software to compare the mean values of tomato varieties at the probability level of P < 0.05. The results of raw tomato varieties proximate analysis showed in the range: moisture (94.1 - 96.3%), ash (0.58 - 0.63%), protein (4.94 – 5.25%), fat (0.01 - 0.49%) and fiber (1.7 - 1.78%) whereas pastes result shows moisture (73.4-83.9%), ash (2.9 - 3%), protein (11.46 – 15.14%), fat (0 - 0.5%), and fiber (2.36 - 4.09%). Raw tomato varieties physicochemical analysis results showed in the range: fruit weight (47.86 – 63g), firmness (4.09 – 4.13Kg), titrable acidity (0.541 – 0.462%), pH (4.32 – 4.51), viscosity (6.5 – 10.7mPa.s), natural total soluble solids (4.3 - 4.8°Brix), and vitamin C (16 – 17.6mg/100g) and color rating scale 6 whereas pastes natural total soluble solids (16 - 24°Brix), titrable acidity (0.73 – 1.0%), sugar-acid ratio (21.92 – 29.63), pH(4.3 – 4.5),viscosity (0.8 – 2.12Pa.s) and vitamin C (11 – 14.11mg/100g) and the color(13 – 17SRM). From all the above quality parameters, the most criteria for tomato paste varieties selection are total soluble solids, firmness, color, and moisture contents. Results showed that Galilea and Galilema have high total soluble solids (24°Brix) while Melkasalsa has low (16°Brix). Therefore, the study identified that local Galilema varieties are the best performance of paste at industry level. Key words: Tomato, Paste, Physicochemical Properties, Variety, Manufacturing, Proximate Analysis
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    Household Food Insecurity, Underweight Status and Associated Characteristics among Women of Reproductive age Group in Aysaita district, Affar Regional State, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2016-06) Abdu, Jemal; Shiferaw, Solomon
    Background: Ethiopia has experienced rapid, sustained improvement in undernutrition during the past 15 years. However, undernutrition among children and women remains an urgent concern, requiring greater multi-sectoral efforts. Poor nutritional status of children and women has been a serious problem in Ethiopia for many years. Rural women are more likely to be undernourished than urban women, and those residing in the Affar region are the most likely to be undernourished (43.5%) of any region. Objective: To assess the prevalence and identify risk factors associated with both household food insecurity and underweight status among women in the reproductive age (15–49 years of age) group, in Aysaita district of Affar regional state, eastern Ethiopia. Method and Materials: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted among nonpregnant women on May 2015. The Household-Food-Insecurity-Access-Scale (HFIAS) classified food insecurity and anthropometric data classified underweight. Further survey questions assessed dietary diversity and socio-demographics. Multiple binary regression models was used to quantify the association between household food security and nutritional outcomes among women of reproductive age, while accounting for other covariates potentially associated with the outcome variables of interest. Results: the mean Household Food Insecurity Access Scores (HFIAS) were 7.0 (3.6 ±SD), out of 27 classifying 26.1% as mild, 30.2% as moderate and 14.1% as having severe food insecurity. Underweight prevalence (BMI <18.5) was 41% among non-pregnant participants (n=490), with frequencies of mild, moderate and severe underweight of 34.5%, 3.9% and 2.7% respectively. Multiple logistic regression predicting underweight (vs. non-underweight) found that participants with moderately food insecure were more than 2 times odds of being underweight compared with those food secure(AOR=2.66, 95% CI; 1.27, 5.58), while severely food insecure were more than 6 times odds of being underweight compared with those food secure (OR 6.99, 95% CI; 2.66 to 18.38). Women with ≥2 under five years old children had more than 9 times odds of being underweight compared with those who had no (OR 9.27, 95% CI; 3.35, 25.59). Conclusion: High levels of underweight were associated with women’s age, categorized HFIAS food insecurity, marital status, parity, vocation and increasing number of <5 y of children. The factors with strongest effect for household food insecurity were education, parity, vocation and having ≥2 under five children in a family.
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    Psychosocial Adjustment of Home and Institutionalized Adolescents in Awassa Town
    (Addis Ababa University, 2006-06) Abdu, Jemal; Zewdie, Teka (PhD)
    The main purpose of this study was to compare the psychosocial adjustment of the home and the institutionalized adolescelHs in the town of Awassa, The sex differences in each of those adolescent groups, and the group diffe rences in the psychosocial adjustment of duration of stay inside the child-rearing institution were also investigated, 100 adolescents (50 males and 50 f emales) were selected from the Awassa SOS Secondary School using a stratified random sampling technique/procedure, Out of the total samples 50% were home-reared & the remaining 50% were institutionalized adolescents, The data for this study was collected using self-administered questionnaire with demographic questions and psychosocial adjustment measures adapted from various slandardized items, And the collected data was analyzed using s uch statistical methods as t-test, one way ANOVA and Scheffe 's procedure, Mean comparisons were also run, Findings of this study revealed that there was a significant group difference in psychosocial adjustment of the home and the institutionalized adolescents, But significanl sex differences between adolescents in each group of adolescents were nOI observed. The result indicated that there were significant group differences between the three sub-groups of the institutionalized adolescents thai were classified on their length of stay, And finally major findings with possible conclusions and recommendations were fO lO.warded,