Browsing by Author "Kassahun Tilahun"

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    Assessment of the Situation of Children’s Rights in Child Care Institutions: A Case of Institutions in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2024-06) Ruth Derese; Kassahun Tilahun
    Child care institution has both positive and negative effects on children. Children living in child care institutions have basic rights that need to be fulfilled, protected and respected. The purpose of this study was to assess children rights in child care institution in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Qualitative approach was followed to gather essential information. Specifically, data were collected using IDIs, KIIs, FGD and observation methods. A total of 54 respondents have participated in this study. Data gathered with tape recorded, transcribed and coded manually within the themes of the data. The finding shows that children’s basic needs were fulfilled and social services were provided well in all the institution. However, some institution were short of fulfilling children’s right to fully enjoy their psychosocial needs. It was also shown that as compared to caregivers, children had a high level of understanding about their rights. Therefore, the study suggest that the institutions should provide trainings for children and care givers about children right and all institutions should improve to fulfill the psychosocial needs of children.
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    Children Right and Labour Exploitation in Wolkita Town, Gurage Zone, Ethiopia.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2025-06-01) Moges Alemu; Kassahun Tilahun
    The aim of this study is to evaluate children's rights and safeguard them from labour exploitation in Wolkite town. The study examines the circumstances that lead to children entering the workforce, the living and working situations of child laborers, the difficulties and abusive practices they encounter, and the laws that shield children from being exploited. The qualitative research methodology, the most popular research methodology, was used for data collecting in this study. Through focus group discussion, key informant interviews, semi-structured interviews, and observation, the researcher collected data relevant to the study. This study evaluates child labour laws and their implementation within the studied areas. The Ethiopian government has set up a number of organs in addition to the standard law enforcement and justice systems to combat child labour. The primary issue here is the ill enforcement of these laws which are contained in many national legal instruments. Incompatibility of international law with the domestic one and the culture of the society is also another problem in the study area. As a result, there is a significant discrepancy between national laws and their implementation, and this leads for clear violation of children’s human rights in the study area. The government's comprehension and priority of child protection and child rights must be strengthened in the area of child exploitation and child labour. In summary, this study gives the go-ahead for additional research and creates a favorable environment for potential policymakers to intervene in the issue of children generally and child labour specifically in the study locations and the nation as a whole.
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    Parametric Study on The Use of Additional Steel Plates for Confinement of Axially Loaded Reinforced Concrete Columns
    (Addis Ababa University, 2023-12) Kassahun Tilahun
    Ductility is the ability of a structure or its components to offer resistance in the inelastic domain of response. However, concrete is not a ductile material, and therefore, confinement is recommended to improve its performance. Confinement in concrete is achieved by the suitable placement of transverse reinforcement, which results in a significant increase in the strength and ductility of concrete. This paper focuses on the confinement effect induced by different arrangements of transverse reinforcement on axially loaded concrete columns. The aim of this research is to carry out a parametric study on the confinement action induced by a type of stirrup involving steel plates and different arrangements of transverse reinforcement on axially loaded concrete columns. To achieve this goal, numerical analysis was conducted using the finite element program, ABAQUS. The variables considered in this study were concrete compressive strength, spacing of transverse reinforcement, arrangement of transverse reinforcement, and influence of plate thickness. The results of numerical studies have shown that the effect of concrete compressive strength and longitudinal reinforcement ratio have the most impact on the column response, the spacing of transverse reinforcement has less impact and the effect of plate thickness almost negligible. Additionally, the configuration of transverse reinforcement involving steel plates has been found to improve a column's strength and its ability to withstand axial loads.
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    Psychological and Subjective Well-Being of Ethiopian Adults: Correlates and Socio-Cultural Constructions
    (Addis Ababa University, 2015-01) Kassahun Tilahun; Teka Zewdie
    The purpose of the study was two-fold: to examine the socio-demographic and psychological predictors of well-being and formulate a socio-culturally sound approach explaining the meaning and experience of psychological well-being among Ethiopian adults. Ryan and Deci’s Self- Determination Theory was duly considered as a theoretical framework of the study. The study followed a sequential explanatory mixed method design. Both quantitative and qualitative data were obtained, via scales and open-ended questionnaires, from 438 civil servants working in Addis Ababa. 30 interviews were also conducted to gain further information. An in-depth analysis of the reliability and validity of instruments was made before employing them to the main study. The results showed that adults were better off in both their scores of psychological and subjective well-being. Besides, adults’ well-being was found to be quite a function of their gender, age, marital status, educational level and household income. Males had a healthier psychological well-being status than females, where as females were better in their subjective well-being. A significant difference in psychological well-being was also observed between emerging and young adults, in favor of the young; and between cohabitated and married adults, married being advantageous. A significant difference in subjective well-being measures was also noticed among single, cohabitated and married adults, in favor of the married adults in all measures. The finding revealed that happiness level of adults decrease as their educational status increases while the reverse is true to psychological well-being. Besides, as adults’ household income boosts, so do their psychological well-being and satisfaction in life. The regression analysis also produced significant independent contributions of household income to overall well-being of adults. As such, subjective well-being was significantly predicted by dummy variable of sex and marital status. Likewise, the agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism and openness dimensions of personality were notable significant predictors of adults’ psychological well-being where as extraversion and agreeableness were significant predictors of their subjective well-being. Religiosity was also a significant predictor of adults’ psychological well- being. Besides, adults’ well-being was significantly predicted by the interaction between conscientiousness and religiosity. From goal pursuit dimensions, attainment of extrinsic life goals was a significant predictor of both psychological and subjective well-being. Importance and attainment of intrinsic life goals also significantly predicts adults’ psychological well-being. Finally, the subjective well-being of adults was significantly predicted by environmental mastery, positive relations with others, self-acceptance and overall psychological well-being scores of adults. The thematic analysis identified five major categories of themes, which are essential in explaining the psychological well-being of Ethiopian adults. These were; socio-cultural harmony, social cohesion, security, competence and accomplishment, and the self. Detailed discussion on the rational for including these themes was made and appropriate implications were proposed. Researchers are encouraged to expand the findings of this research and in turn develop a suitable approach taping the psychological well-being of adults living in countries like Ethiopia