Browsing by Author "Berhanu Adugna"

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    The Effect of Rural Land Certification on Land Tenure Security: A Case Study in Libo-kemkem Woreda, Amhara Region
    (Addis Ababa University, 2009-06) Berhanu Adugna; Yigremew AdalJune
    This study examines the effect of land certification in Libo-kemkem woreda, South Gonder administrative zone, Amhara region. Both primary and secondary data are employed in the investigation. The sources of the primary data were HH survey, interviews with key informants, discussions with focus groups and case studies. Secondary data sources include articles, published and unpublished documents, books and other related materials. The findings of the study revealed that in Libo-kemkem woreda community participation during the registration was generally good but it differs from one kebele to another. But the participation of females in land administration was very low. In all 84 sub-kebeles of the woreda, there were only 69 females. The participation of females in Shamo and Agelahana kebele KLAUC was none. Land registration in Libo-kemkem woreda was almost completed and more than 54% of the land holders have received their book of rural land possession. But there were problems during the land registration. Majority of the respondents (69.9%) were not satisfied by the measurements of their holdings that were registered on their certificates. About 62.5% of total respondents observed that most of the extra lands in their kebeles were not properly identified and recorded. There are corruptions at kebele and woreda level up on those extra lands. Other problems during the implementation of the registration were lack of proper support for the land administration institutions at all levels and the absence of an established and continuous monitoring and evaluation system. The study investigated that while 43.2% of the respondents do not feel guaranteed about the security of their lands to go to another place and work there for a longer period, about 23.8% were not sure whether or not their holdings would be secure. The majority of the respondents (64.8%) expect future land redistribution in the next five years. However, the investigation also shows that the majority of the respondents feel guaranteed that all or part of their holdings will not be taken from them by the government without compensation. viii The research found that women have faced several problems during the registration. Many female who married after the recent land redistribution were not entitled to register with their husbands in the study kebeles. Many women who don’t work the land themselves and who have to share crop, couldn’t succeed in registering their plots of land. Similarly, the land certification couldn’t bring for communal lands to be secure in the two kebeles. The boundaries of most communal lands were not demarcated properly during the registration. The encroachment has also increased after land certification. Land dispute has decreased after land certification in relation to the registration time. But the land registration process didn’t bring border dispute reduction between administrative areas. There are still kebele to kebele and woreda to woreda border disputes. For example, Shamo and Agelahana kebeles have dispute with their successive three neighboring kebeles. In addition, for those farmers whose holdings are around towns, the certificate couldn’t reduce the dispute with the municipalities. The study also reveals that although there are some efforts which are conducive for the sustainability of the land administration system, there are serious challenges and problems that should be resolved to sustain the system. Staff turnover, low capacity, lack of vehicles and other equipments are still some of the constraints in the office. Most members of the Committees in the woreda are not today in function. Moreover, the committees and the WEPLAUA office were inefficient for delivering justice and timely services. Favoritism, bribe, and unwillingness to give fair services were the major problems of the woreda EPLAUA office and KLAUC. The current situation of land register storage in Libo-kemkem woreda is also poor. These documents are in a manner in which they can be easily used for undesirable purpose and there are observations of corruptions in the office. Thus, to solve the problems encountered during the registration and improve the existing land administration system, there should be discussions with the community and the employees and there should be also efforts to remove bottlenecks that aggravate land tenure insecurity
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    Investigating the Potential of the Magnetic Separation Method as an Auxiliary Technique for Upgrading Lithium Ore Mineral from Kenticha Pegmatite Deposit in Guji, Southern Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2023-06) Berhanu Adugna; Sisay Degu(PhD)
    Lithium has become a critical mineral in the energy industry, with significant increases in usage due to the global shift towards green energy alternatives over the past decade. The Kenticha pegmatite deposit in Ethiopia is known to have a feasible content of Li2O, making it a potentially valuable resource for lithium extraction. However, the beneficiation of lithium-bearing minerals is a crucial stage in upgrading the lithium oxide content of the ore and enhancing its economic value. The presence of gangue minerals such as microcline, albite, quartz, muscovite, and iron silicate minerals can complicate the process. Frantz magnetic separators were employed to conduct magnetic separation tests. Samples were collected from four different locations within an upper lithium-rich pegmatite deposit and subjected to analysis, revealing varying percentages of lithium oxide and iron oxide. The effectiveness of a Frantz magnetic separator was examined using feed size fraction and intensity as independent variables, with various combinations of factors tested. The resulting data was analyzed using AAS and XRD techniques to gain valuable information about the separation process and lithium mineral liberation. The separation effectiveness was evaluated based on the results, which indicated that high-intensity magnetic experiments with fine feed size fractions achieved better recovery of lithium oxide and less iron-bearing minerals. The potential for using the magnetic separator as part of a larger processing plant was also discussed, with comparisons magnetic separation method to other conventional lithium processing methods that employed magnetic separation. Finally, potential types of magnetic separators were suggested for the LCT Kenticha pegmatite deposit.
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    Modeling Inflation Dynamics in Ethiopia
    (A.A.U, 2008-07) Berhanu Adugna; Ageba Gebrhiwot
    This study examines the dynamics of the inflation in the long and short term using econometric " techniques of co integration tests and error correction modeling for the period 1992:4 to 2007:2. The empirical results show that the price index, real gross domestic product, broad money, official exchange rate and world price are co integrated. They also indicate that in the long term the world price index and real gross domestic product are the strongest in affecting inflation in Ethiopia. On the other hand, the money Supply is the strongest in pushing inflation up in the I short term. The long term effect of official exchange rate is insignificant while it has the next I strong effect in the short term. The important implication of the study is, hence; first, controlling the money supply and exch ange rate to control inflation in the short term and, second, increasing production and keeping the economy from possible world price shocks are good instruments in the long term attempt of controlling inflation.