College of Performing and Visual Arts

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http://etd.aau.edu.et/handle/12345678/122

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Browsing College of Performing and Visual Arts by Author "Ezra, Abate"

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    Analysis of Ethiopian ‘Kignts’ used Dominantly in Popular Songs Produced as Commercial Music in the 1960-1980s
    (Addis Ababa University, 2020-12) Hilina, Fekadu; Ezra, Abate
    The study is an attempt to identify the dominant scales that have been used in popular song produced for commercial specifically 1960-1980s E.C. The data for this study were collected though document analysis and interviews. The data were collected from archived interviews, songs, composers, band leaders and singers. Then, the data were analyzed qualitatively and identified using musical analysis. The finding of the study indicated that the four scales called Tizita, Bati, Anchihoye and Ambasel takes as an Ethiopian scale that are dominantly used in different part of the country. Besides, these scales are a means of expressing mode that can tell the feeling of sadness or happiness. However the political situation and the government’s ideologies usually influence the culture of music. Even though the governments have a part in the music industry the professional discipline is essential for any profession as well as the growth of individual to family to the society at large. The study concludes forwarding recommendations and suggests aspects that should be considered in order to stay in the industry. Therefore the musician should reflect the social norms and culture as well as the interests of audiences beside commercial purpose because that can help to produce unforgettable popular works.
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    Arabic musical influence on the traditional music of Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2022-11) Mastewal, Mandefro; Ezra, Abate
    This thesis focuses on the historical relationship and the music sound that had been created between Ethiopia and Arab from 7th century starting from northern and central parts of Ethiopia to trace where Arabs and Ethiopians grow more attachment to their relationship in all aspects, particularly music, after the Islamic religion began. Using Archaeomusicology and Ethnography method to get historic, social, and behavioral understanding on the influenced music, in its relation to socio-cultural context, in addition observing other related cultures, clothing, language, belonging, and the music style that is used today by the descendants of the first people who shared the Arabic culture. Data analysis includes literature review, interviews with historians, university professors, researchers, and religious leaders, and melody analysis of the folk music and archeological findings that has been inherited by the ancient Ethiopians, its related history, and the given identity of its social and cultural value in current time. The principal findings are focused on the musical influences of Arab in Ethiopia and their early history of cultural entanglement. Unlike other countries in Africa, their relationship does not start with conquest for Islamic expansion. It happened way before the Islamic religion's expansion, with the traders on the Red Sea earlier, and continued after the arrival of the Prophet Mohammed's followers as asylum-seekers in Aksum, Northern Ethiopia, in 615 A.D., when the Aksumite king welcomed them and allowed the refugees to stay in his kingdom.
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    Film Scoring : Analysis on " Teza" and "Sankofa" Movies
    (AdAddis Ababa University, 2021-09) Yoseph, Yersaw; Ezra, Abate
    This research is to look at film scores in sankofa and Teza feature films. The goal of the study was to look into the influence of film scoring in shaping societal beliefs and habits. Using judgmental sample approaches, the researcher chose two feature films. Because the two feature films are thought to depict an African viewpoint. The researcher used a descriptive research design in conjunction with a qualitative research method. African filmmakers such as Haile Gerima, Ousmane Sembene, and Med Hondo are known for their historical documentaries. They regarded this viewpoint as equally valid as any other Eurocentric or Hollywood criterion. Because Africans have their own cinematic and musical culture, outsiders or Eurocentric/colonial standards should not judge them. Music is a cultural product, and culture is a critical component of social function. Music not only serves to express and perpetuate pre-existing human activities, but it also serves as a resource for contesting, negotiating, and creating new ones. This idea prompted the researcher to investigate how film scoring affects identity development using black cinema theory. Culture is the foundation for all identity development. Cinema can be a powerful tool for expressing culture, and film score is an important element of it. As a result, film music can be considered an aspect of an expressive medium of art. The purpose of this study was to examine how the film scores of two of Professor Haile Gerima's feature films, SANKOFA and TEZA, film scoring contributed to the story narration on black cinema thought and how it affects theoretical and practical identity development. The film composer and producers and other concerned stakeholders should give due attention to the film music so as to consider hold the attention of the audience and able to teach and conserve culture, practice, promote the conscious of the society.
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    The Influence of Arab and Asian Traders On Harari Music and Cultural Identity
    (AdAddis Ababa University, 2021-09) Binyam, Hailu Abebe; Ezra, Abate
    The objective of this study is investigating how and why the Harari peoples Music and cultural Identity is different from the other parts of the Ethiopian people. This study has mainly focused on the forms and the scale and why this scale or music, forms and cultural identities are different from the other parts of Ethiopia. The study tried to compare music and cultural identity of Harar with other parts of Ethiopia. There are various forms of music practices in Harar especially in „Jogul‟, among these forms such as, ‘Salley‟( ሳላይ ),„Miras ( ሚራስ ), Dersey‟( ዯርሲ ).The study employed Ethnographic and descriptive research design. The research approach was qualitative approach. Sources of data were both primary and secondary sources. Simple random and purposive sampling techniques were employed in the research. Data collection instruments were questionnaire, interview and document analysis. The relevant primary data were collected through qualitative strategies such as interview, questionnaire and selected informants and from traditional Musicians who perform music in Harar. The secondary data were including published and unpublished articles, journals, books, videos and CD. Data analysis and interpretation is carried out by descriptive statistics and text narration of the data obtained from various sources. The Finding of the study pointed out that Harari music and culture is different from other parts of Ethiopia with its on styles which were influenced by Arab and Asian which were appeared in the area as a trader, solider and visitors. In addition the study identified on how the music is different and why this kind of scale is not found in other parts of Ethiopia and Harari Song, which is, Feqer (“simply song”) divides it to two, „gay feqer‟ (modern song) and „ada gay feqer‟ (cultural song”). Both Gay feqer and Ada gay feqer which shows the peculiarity of Harari music. Based on this the researcher recommend that further study need to be conducted regarding the importance of music, cultural identity and acculturation.
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    The Influence of Arab and Asian Traders On Harari Music and Cultural Identity
    (Addis Ababa University, 2021-09) Binyam, Hailu; Ezra, Abate
    The objective of this study is investigating how and why the Harari peoples Music and cultural Identity is different from the other parts of the Ethiopian people. This study has mainly focused on the forms and the scale and why this scale or music, forms and cultural identities are different from the other parts of Ethiopia. The study tried to compare music and cultural identity of Harar with other parts of Ethiopia. There are various forms of music practices in Harar especially in „Jogul‟, among these forms such as, ‘Salley‟(ሳላይ),„Miras (ሚራስ), Dersey‟(ዯርሲ).The study employed Ethnographic and descriptive research design. The research approach was qualitative approach. Sources of data were both primary and secondary sources. Simple random and purposive sampling techniques were employed in the research. Data collection instruments were questionnaire, interview and document analysis. The relevant primary data were collected through qualitative strategies such as interview, questionnaire and selected informants and from traditional Musicians who perform music in Harar. The secondary data were including published and unpublished articles, journals, books, videos and CD. Data analysis and interpretation is carried out by descriptive statistics and text narration of the data obtained from various sources. The Finding of the study pointed out that Harari music and culture is different from other parts of Ethiopia with its on styles which were influenced by Arab and Asian which were appeared in the area as a trader, solider and visitors. In addition the study identified on how the music is different and why this kind of scale is not found in other parts of Ethiopia and Harari Song, which is, Feqer (“simply song”) divides it to two, „gay feqer‟ (modern song) and „ada gay feqer‟ (cultural song”). Both Gay feqer and Ada gay feqer which shows the peculiarity of Harari music. Based on this the researcher recommend that further study need to be conducted regarding the importance of music, cultural identity and acculturation.