Psychiatry

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https://etd.aau.edu.et/handle/123456789/4082

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Browsing Psychiatry by Author "Araya Mesfin"

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    Determinants of Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Schizophrenia at Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    (Addis Abeba University, 2019-11) Yared Mahlet; Araya Mesfin; Teferra Solomon
    Introduction: Quality of life of patients living with schizophrenia has been shown to be lower compared with those that are not affected by it, Understanding the possible contributing factors could create awareness as well as help design patient centered therapeutic interventions Objective: To determine socio-demographic, clinical and psychosocial characteristics associated Quality of life of patients with schizophrenia. Methods: Study participants who filled the SF-36 questionnaire were included in this study, the association between socio-demographic, clinical and psychosocial parameters with health related quality of life of patients living with schizophrenia was determined. Result: The study sample consisted of 200 patients living with schizophrenia. The mean score of the study participants was found to be lower than the general population, the female participants scored lower than the male and those who use substances overall score was also lower. The total score of PANSS showed negative association with the SF-36 domains, duration of illness showed no significant association with quality of life.Khat and tobacco use did not show significant association but consumption of alcohol was found to be associated in the mental health and bodily pain domains. Conclusion: The variables Sex, occupation, PANSS total score and alcohol use showed associations with the SF-36 domains.
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    A Long Term Adverse Psychosocial Experience of Survivors of Hawzenaerial Bombardment
    (Addis Ababa University, 2018-02) Gebrehiwet Daniel; Araya Mesfin
    The purpose of the study was to find out a long term adverse psychosocial experience ofsurvivors of Hawzen aerial bombardment. To carry out this study an existential(Phenomenological) qualitative design was utilized. Participants of the studywere selected using purposive sampling. In-depth interview was conducted within 10 days. Twenty survivors of theaerial strike participated in this study. The generated relevant data were analyzed thematicallyusing manually. Totally, three themes (i.e. psychological problems, social problems and theircoping strategies) emerged from the interview. The study result on the first theme reveals thatrespondents have psychological problems (anger and hatred, dependence, depression,hopelessness, need for support and care, distressing memories of the traumatic event, avoidance,stress, fear and shock). Regarding the second theme, most of the participants have restrictedsocial interaction, instable market; funeral, marriage and homelessness were also encountered.On the last theme, the study depicted that the respondents employed emotion based (crying,escaping, talking each other, cognitive distraction) and situation based (Praying, at tending church/mosque and supporting each other) coping mechanisms to manage the problems theyfaced. This study found that though the aerial raid took place thirty years ago, survivors are relivingthe trauma of that day till now. The intervention made by concerned bodies to manage thepsychosocial problems of the victims was poor. This lack of treatment from a trained mental health professionals resulted in the perpetuation of psychological problems and poor recoveryamong the survivors. In this study recall bias was one of the limitations in coming up with adequate, reliable and fresh data about the aerial bombardment. Similar studies should have been conducted a long time ago. Finally, this qualitative study was conducted on limited number of survivors with limited resource. It’s hoped that the study serves as an eye opener to further large qualitative and quantitative studies.
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    Non-adherence to Antidepressant Treatment and its Predictors among Outpatients with Depressive Disorders, a Hospital-based Ccross-sectional Study in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    (Addis Abeba University, 2020-10) Mulugeta Selam; Araya Mesfin; Milkias Barkot
    BACKGROUND: In Ethiopia, there is inadequate information on non-adherence toantidepressant treatment in patients with depressive disorders. Having awareness of the pattern ofadherence is important in future prognosis, quality of life and functionality in these patients. This study will be conducted to assess the prevalence of Non-Adherence to Antidepressant treatment and its predictors among Psychiatry Outpatients with Depressive Disorders. METHODS: A hospital-based cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted at the psychiatryclinic of Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital. A sample of 216 consecutive outpatients withDepressive disorders who visited the Psychiatry clinic since June 2019 and who had at least two visits prior to their last visit were enrolled. Data was collected using questionnaires through inpersonandphonecall interviews. The eight-item Morisky scale, a scale extensively used in theEthiopian setting, was used to assess the pattern of medication adherence. Other speciallydeveloped tools were used to obtain sociodemographic and clinical information from electronicmedical records and patient interviews. Data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), Version - 25. Univariate and multivariable analyses were carried out to assess factors associated with non-adherence. RESULTS: Ninety percent of the participants who were taking antidepressant medication were found to have a primary diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder. Based on the 8-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale, the prevalence of non-adherence was found to be 84.7%. Livingdistance between 11 to 50 kms from hospital (AOR= 11, 95% CI (29,46.6)), post-secondary levelof education (AOR= 8.3, 95% CI (1, 64.4)), taking multiple medications (AOR= 6.1, 95% CI (1,34.9)) were found to have significantly increased odds of non-adherence. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of non-adherence is very high among patients with depressive disorders. Non-adherence was significantly associated with factors such as increased livingdistance from the hospital, relatively higher educational level, and polypharmacy. Proper and patent centeredpsychoeducation to patients, addressing the communication gap between patientsand doctors, clinicians’ adherence to prescribing guidelines, avoiding polypharmacy unlessindicated, and working on accessibility of treatment for common mental disorders is essential to decrease non-adherence. Larger analytical studies to further establish causal relationships to nonadherence and its impact on depression treatmentoutcomesare recommended.
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    Perception of Multicultural Competence among Graduate Students of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology in the Department of Psychiatry, Addis Ababa University.
    (Addis Abeba University, 2020-06) Shigut Hawi; Araya Mesfin; Getachew Selambizu
    This study explored the perception and understanding of 13 graduate students of psychiatry and clinical psychology trainees who are studying in department of psychiatry, college of health science, Addis Ababa University. Based on a qualitative analysis, many of this study participants noted that aspects of being a multiculturally competent counselor included open-mindedness, flexibility, knowledge and awareness of cultural issues,skillfulness in making cultural interventions, self-awareness, and exposure to broad and diverse life experiences. Most of the participants also stated that a barriers to being a multiculturally competent mental health care providers includes lack of practitioner motivation, personal bias or attitude, lack of knowledge, language barrier and lack of experience.
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    Prevalence of Depressive Symptoms among HearingImpaired Students of Addis Ababa University: A Cross- sectional Study
    (Addis Ababa University, 2022-03) Damtew Rekik; Getachew Meron; Araya Mesfin
    Introduction: Being Deaf or Hard of Hearing (DHH) has been linked withincreased social isolation, negative self-concept, low perceived competence and stigma, higher prevalence of physical and sexual abuse among DHH youth andchildren.(Knutson, Johnson, and Sullivan 2004)(Mekonnen et al. 2016). This alcan predispose DHH individuals to depressive disorders. Furthermore, thcommunication barriers create a challenge in the evaluation and treatment omental health conditions of DHH individuals. Objective: The study aims to study the prevalence of depressive symptomamong hearing impaired students in AAU. Methods: An institution based cross-sectional study was done to assess thprevalence of depressive symptoms in all DHH students of Addis Abab University (AAU) from August 9- October 11, 2021 using the Patient HealthQuestionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Data cleaning and analysis with descriptive statisticwere done using SPSS version 26. Results; 138 out of 142 students responded to the study. The prevalence odepressive symptoms was found to be 42%. The severity level of depressionbased on the PHQ-9 scoring was found to be 1.4%, 26.8%, 9.4% and 4.3% fominimal, mild, moderate and severe depressive symptoms Conclusion; The prevalence of depressive symptoms is higher than thresults of hearing students done at Addis Ababa, Debrebirhan, Haramaya andJimma Universities. This study calls for having further studies to know more about the mental health service needs of DHH individuals.
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    Prevalence of ptsd in Individuals who Have Been Sexually Assaulted and its Risk Factors (in the Case of IFSO, OPRIFS, AWSAD, GANDHI, ABRHOT AND EWLA)
    (Addis Ababa University, 2018-02) Teklehaimanot Feven; Araya Mesfin
    Sexual assault is one core reason in developing PTSD. Little research has been conducted tomeasure prevalence of PTSD on sexually assaulted victims and why some victims develop PTSDand others do not. The objective of this study was to see the prevalence of PTSD and to identifyor illustrate risk factors that are related to developing PTSD. The research design of the study was both Quantitative and Qualitative. In the quantitative research method, the survey includedall individuals who could be available. Descriptive qualitative research design was used toillustrate individual experiences of risk factors. The study participants are individuals who havebeen sexually assaulted and who are currently getting service or treatment at EWLA, Abrhot,Gandhi, OPRIFS, AWSAD and IFSO in Addis Ababa. PTSD CheckList 5 which is a self -reportquestionnaire and key informant semi-structured interview was used to collect data from thestudy participants. The data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, through StatisticalPackage for the Social Sciences version 16.0 statistical packages and thematic analysis. The results of this study showed that, PTSD is 46.48% prevalent. The major risk factors for PTSDwere sex, gender, educational status, type of contact with perpetrator, number of perpetrator,past medical illness, substance abuse, economical and marital status of the victim’s family,parenting style, sub cities the victims came from, past psychiatric illnesses and negativechildhood experience such as abuse. It is important that research continue on the topic of prevalence of PTSD and its risk factors in individuals who have been sexually assaulted.
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    Subjective Experience of Distress and Perception towards Care among Medical Students Receiving Counselling Services at Student Counselling Clinic, College of Health Sciences, AAU; a Qualitative study.
    (Addis Abeba University, 2019-08) Worku Nigist; Araya Mesfin; Milkias Barkot
    Background- One may anticipate medical school would be a time of personal growth, fulfilment, and well-being despite its challenges. However, studies suggest that current educational process may have an inadvertent negative effect on student’s mental health. Objective- This study aims in exploring the Subjective experience of distress and perception towards care among medical students receiving counselling services at student counselling clinic in AAU, CHS. Method- An exploratory qualitative research design was used to conduct the study. Nine in-depth interviews were done among students who used the student counselling clinic. A thematic content analysis of the interviews was performed using the open code software version 3.6. Results- We found that grade and exams, relationships students have with consultants, social life difficulties and concern about their health to be stressful to the students during medical school training. Most were glad about the opportunity they got to talk to a professional in the new counselling clinic. All agree with the easy accessibility of the counselling clinic. Most were satisfied with the service they got. Among those students who were happy, all believe the counsellor was not competent enough to deal with their problem. They suggest more organization of the clinic which works with simple stressors of students. Conclusion- The current student counselling clinic is easily accessible and well fit for medical students. Scaling up of the service is needed in order to increase the effectiveness of the counselling.