Pharmacology

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Browsing Pharmacology by Author "Abula, Teferra( Professor)"

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    Anticonvulsant Activity of 80% Methanol Extract and Solvent Fractions of Ajuga integrifolia Buch.-Ham (Lamiaceae) leaves in Mice
    (Addis Abeba University, 2020-11) Getaneh, Yigrem; Abula, Teferra( Professor)
    Ajuga integrifolia is one of the species in the genus Ajuga that is used in the Ethiopian traditional medicine for the treatment of different ailments, including epilepsy. Thus, this study was initiated to evaluate the traditional anticonvulsant use of 80% methanol leaves extract and solvent fractions of Ajuga integrifolia. Acute routine screening tests; the pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) and maximal electroshock (MES) models were used. The rota rod test was further performed to evaluate neurotoxic effect of the plant. Swiss albino mice of 6-8 weeks old were randomly assigned to five groups (n=6/group). The test groups received 100, 200 and 400mg/kg oral dose of crude extract and solvent fractions for both PTZ and MES tests as well as 2.5, 5 and 10mg/kg i.p. dose for rota rod test. The positive control groups received valproate 200mg/kg oral for PTZ, phenytoin 25mg/kg oral for MES, and diazepam 5mg/kg i.p for rota rod test. The negative control groups received oral dose of 10 ml/kg of distilled water or 2% tween 80. The crude extract produced dose dependent and statistically significant anticonvulsant effect on both PTZ and MES induced seizures. It was suggested by delayed latency (p<0.001 for 400 mg/kg and p<0.05 for 100mg/kg and 200mg/kg) and fast recovery (p<0.001 for all doses) on PTZ and reduction of duration of tonic hind limb extension (p<0.001 for all doses) in MES model, against control. Similarly, n-butanol and chloroform fractions displayed dose dependent activity in both models as evidenced by having significant activity against control. However, aqueous fraction at doses used did not show a significant effect on latency and duration on both models. Furthermore, all doses of the crude extract and solvent fractions did not display a significant change in motor coordination. The plant extract contained alkaloid, glycosides, flavonoids, phenols, steroids, tannins, terpenoids and saponins that might contribute to the observed anticonvulsant activity. In conclusion, the plant has anticonvulsant activity at various doses providing evidence for its traditional use.
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    Antidiarrheal Activity of Aqueous and 80% Methanol Extracts of the Leaves of Leucas Abyssinica (Lamiaceae) in Mice
    (Addis Abeba University, 2020-11) Abera, Tadele; Abula, Teferra( Professor)
    Leucas abyssinica (Lamiaceae family) is one of the medicinal plants used for the management of diarrhea in Ethiopia but it lacks scientific evidence. Thus, this study was aimed to evaluate the antidiarrheal activities of aqueous and 80% methanol extracts of the leaves of Leucas abyssinica using experimental models in mice. castor oil induced diarrhea, misoprostol induced enteropooling, normal and castor oil induced gastrointestinal transit in mice models were used to evaluate antidiarrheal activity of the plant. Five groups of mice (six animals per group) were used for each model. These groups were negative control group (received distilled water 10 ml/kg), positive control group (administered loperamide 3 mg/kg) and three test groups (treated with graded dose of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg aqueous and methanol 80% extracts respectively). Pretreatment of mice with stated doses of both extracts of the plant significantly reduced the frequency of wet and total feces, the weight of wet and total feces as well as increased diarrheal free periods compared to negative controls. Both extracts produced significant reduction in both the weight and volume of intestinal contents induced by misoprostol in a dose dependent manner. The percentage of inhibition of gastrointestinal transit induced by castor oil for both extracts were significant (p < 0.001) at all the tested doses in a dose dependent fashion. But none of the tested doses of both extracts significantly reduced normal gastrointestinal transit in mice. Finally, the results from this study suggests that both extracts of the plant have significant antidiarrheal effect on animal models and this finding supports the antidiarrheal traditional use of the plant for management of diarrhea.