Pharmacology

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Browsing Pharmacology by Author "Abdeta, Debela"

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    In Vitro and in Vivo Antitrypanosomal Effects of E. Kebericho Roots and S. anguivi fruits Against Trypanosoma Congolense
    (Addis Ababa University, 2016-10) Abdeta, Debela; Mequanente, Solomon(PhD); Giday, Miruste(PhD); Kebede, Nigatu(PhD)
    Introduction: Trypanosomiasis is one of the world’s most serious infectious diseases caused by Trypanosoma parasites. An increased drug resistance to conventional anti-trypanosomal drugs, increasing resistance of mosquito vectors to insecticides, challenge of having effective vaccines and adverse effects of the existing anti- trypanosomal drugs justifies the urgent need for more effective, tolerable and affordable drugs. Objective: The present study aimed to determine the in vitro and in vivo antitrypanosomal effect of hydromethanolic extract of E. kebericho roots and S. anguivi fruits against field isolate of T. congolense. Methods: The 80% methanol extracts of E. kebericho roots and S. anguivi fruits were prepared by cold maceration technique. In vitro, blood incubation infectivity test, curative and prophylaxis tests were done to check the effect of the plant extracts against T. congolense in Swiss albino mice. Extracts were administered at doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg for curative and prophylaxis test while 1mg/ml, 2mg/ml and 4mg/ml concentration of the extract were used for in vitro and blood incubation infectivity test. Acute toxicity of the extracts at 2000mg/kg was performed according to OECD guide lines. Data obtained from the experiment was analyzed using one way ANOVA followed by Tukey test. Results: The present study indicated that the extracts did not exhibit any signs of acute toxicity up to the dose of 2000mg/kg. The hydromethanolic extracts of E. kebericho roots and S. anguivi fruits affected motility at 0.5, 1, 2 and 4mg/ml in in vitro tests, and the entire tested group did not develop infection in mice inoculated with infected blood incubated with concentrations of the above extracts. In the prophylactic studies, groups provided with the hydromethanolic extracts before infection got prolonged incubation period with little chemoprophylactic effect at the doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg. In curative test, the extracts reduced parasitemia, prevented drop in packed cell volume and body weight significantly (p<0.05), as compared to control. In in vivo models, the extracts did not prevent rectal temperature fluctuation. Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of flavonoids, triterpines, steroids, saponins, glycosides, tannins and alkaloids. Conclusion: The extracts showed in vitro effect and a promising curative and prophylactic activities. Further effort is required to isolate and purify specific compounds responsible for the antitrypanosomal activity of the studied plants. Key words: Echinops kebericho, Solanum anguivi, trypanosomiasis, Trypanosoma congolense