Pharmco-Epidemiology and Social Pharmacy

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Browsing Pharmco-Epidemiology and Social Pharmacy by Author "Balcha, Tamrat"

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    Evaluation of Taro Boloso-I Native (Colocasia esculenta Cultivar) Starch as Disintegrant and Its Pre-Gelatinized form as Direct Compression Diluent in Paracetamol Tablets
    (Addis Ababa University, 2016-01) Balcha, Tamrat; Belete, Anteneh (PhD); Mary Joseph, Nisha(PhD)
    Taro Boloso-I is a new variety of Colocasia esculenta (L. Schott) officially released from Areka Agricultural Research Center, Areka, Ethiopia. Its cultivation out yields 67% more than a previously reported variety (Godare) in Ethiopia. It contains 85.65 ± 0.07% of carbohydrate on dry basis and higher gross energy than the existing cultivars of taro reflecting its difference from the preexisting varieties of taro. The aim of this study was to isolate, characterize the starch from this plant and evaluate its potential applications. It was also to evaluate the tablet disintegrant properties and direct compressibility of the pre-gelatinized form using paracetamol as a model drug. Starch was extracted from the C. esculenta by using saline solution (0.1N) and sodium hydroxide (0.03 N). Various 13 experimental methods were applied for characterization of the starch. Central composite design was used for optimization of the levels and hence the responses. Yield of starch from Taro Boloso-I on dry weight basis was 83.5 ± 1.6%. The native Taro Boloso-I starch (NTB1S) was characterized by lower amylose to amylopectin ratio (20.7 ± 1.8% to 77.3 ± 2.1%, w/w) higher onset, peak and endset temperatures of gelatinization than potato starch. Its granules were found to exhibit polyhedral/angular shape and A-type polymorphism comprising powder of poor flow. In all of these properties, Taro Boloso-I starch not only significantly differs from the previously reported taro varieties in Ethiopia but also shares more of cereal starches (rice starch) than the tuber starches. Paracetamol tablet (350mg) prepared by wet granulation using NTB1S (9.80%) as disintegrant and compression force of 15kN had hardness of 117.1 ± 4.93N, friability of 0.159 ± 0.02% and disintegration time of 1.31 ± 0.02 min. The hardness, friability and balance between binding and disintegration were better than potato starch, 58.1 ± 2.57 N, 1.01 ± 0.06% and 46.4 ± 4, respectively. Moreover, the tablets fulfill the disintegrant time requirements for fast dissolving tablets. The modified (optimized) Taro Boloso-I starch (PGTB1S) has comparable flow property but higher compressibility and compactibility. If used as a disintegrant in paracetamol tablets, NTB1S can result not only in better hardness and friability than the corresponding tablets with potato starch but also a kind of fast dissolving tablet. Also it was revealed that PGTB1S can be used as efficient direct compression diluent with magnesium stearate tolerance of 0.5%. Its dilution potential was also better than Starch 1500®. Key words: Starch, tablet, compression, gelatinization, disintegrant, Taro Boloso-I, Kawakita, Heckel