Computational Science

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Browsing Computational Science by Author "Gebremichael, Bereket"

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    Effectiveness of selling fruits in pieces or in bulk in improving fruit consumption of high-school students: A cluster randomized controlled trial in urban setting of Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2019-10) Gebremichael, Bereket; Baye PhD, Kaleab
    Background: Diets high in fnlits and vegetables arc widely recommended for hcahhicr life. Fruits have historically he ld a place in dietary guida nce because of their concentrations of dietary fib er, vitamins, minerals, electrolytes; and morc recently phytochcmicals, especially antioxidants. However, fruit consumption in Ethiopia is very low. The barriers and enablers affecting consumer behavior towards fruits consumption including price, preference, qual ity, safety and access are largely undocumented; hence, maki ng it diffi cult to design effective interventions that improve consumption of fruit s. For example, fnlils arc sold around some schools, but the minimum amount that one can buy is half a ki logram, This may discourage students from buying fru its as a snack and may contribute to the purchase of sweets and biscuits that arc more affordable to thcm. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluatc whet her selling fmits in pieces improves consumption and volume of sale than the current practice of selling fruits in bulk (kilogram). Methodology: A cluster randomized contfolled trial was conducted from April through June 20 19 in selected schools of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A double population proportion for cluster randomized trial was employed to calcu late thc sample size. After adding 5% non-response rate, the lolal smnple size was estimated to be 369. Data were collected on socio-demographic infomlation, fruit consumption pattem, vo lumc of sale per day and other variable that determine fruit consumption pattem by usi ng semi structured and pre tested tool. EPI data version 4.2.0 was used to code, enter and clean the collected data. Data WCfe analyzed usi ng SPSS version 20 and SAS version 9.4. Descriptive statistics were lIsed to describe variables in relation to thc outcome. Mixed-effect linear regress ion was employed to see the impact of intcrvention. We lIsed unstructured variance matrix stnteture to estimate the parameters of the random intercept. All tests were two-sided and P<0.05 was considered stati stically significant. We report Ihe parameter estimates with 95% CI and standard errors (SE). Result: Out of 157 partic ipants in the intervention group 80 (51 %) and 77 (5 1 %) were male and female respectively. In the control group, 65(37.6%) and 108 (62.4%) were male and female respectively. The mean (SO) age of intervention and control group was 15.9 ( 1.2) and 17 (1.06) respectively. With regards 10 a one-week recall fruit consumption, Banana consumption was 82% in the intervention group when compared with 65% of control (P <0.001), Water melon and mango consumption was also higher in intervention group with proportion of 12.7% and 61.1 % in comparison wi th 4% and 44.5% (P