Mamo, Hassen (PhD)Muhye, Yimam2020-12-072023-11-082020-12-072023-11-082018-08-07http://etd.aau.edu.et/handle/123456789/23897Tuberculosis (TB) is a highly infectious air born bacterial disease that is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is the major cause of death in developing countries. There were an estimated 9.0 million incident cases of TB which is equivalent to 126 cases per 100,000 populations in 2013.The study on TB indicates that the average TB prevalence and mortality rates in Ethiopia are estimated to be 623 and 42 per 82,950 individuals respectively. The present study was conducted at Boru Meda Hospital one of the areas which is affected by this disease. The main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and treatment outcomes of TB and TB/HIV co- infections in six consecutive years from 2012 to 2017. Retrospective cross-sectional design of the study was used from documents of patients. In this study, among 958 TB patients registered, 57.8% cases were PTB, 29.6% EPTB and 12.6% were MDR-TB patients. The prevalence of MDR-TB was almost equivalent to MDR-TB cases of Africa and Ethiopia in 2016. The highest prevalence rate of TB was registered in the year 2012 and the lowest was in 2017 which showed a declined trend. New cases were 85.5% and 14.5% were previously treated TB patients. Among PTB cases 55.8% were SPPTB and 44.2% were SNPTB. Out of the total TB cases, 32.2% were SPPTB and 25.6% were SNPTB. The Case Detection Rate (CDR), 32.2% was much lower than the data obtained from Global TB report 2015. All TB patients were tested for HIV infection and 16.7% were co-infected. The trend in prevalence of TB decreased; and in TB-HIV co-infection it was increased from year to year. The prevalence of TB-HIV co-infection in MDR-TB cases was higher than the prevalence in Pulmonary and Extra pulmonary TB cases. The study indicated that males suffered from TB, TB-HIV co-infection and MDR-TB and the highest frequency of these diseases were showed in the age group of 16-45 years. A successful treatment outcome of TB was achieved about 88.0%. Improvement of treatment success rate (TSR) was shown. TB-HIV co-infection and drug resistant TB have been proposed as factors contributing to unsuccessful treatment and limited evaluation of treatment outcomes. The treatment success of TB-HIV coinfection and MDR-TB were 83.1% and 86% respectively. Finally, further research on associated factors and other issues concerning these diseases were recommended to be investigated.enTuberculosisTB-HIV Co-InfectionPulmonary TuberculosisExtra Pulmonary TuberculosisMultidrug Resistant TuberculosisThesis