Berhanu Woldetensae (Associate Professor)Yididya Yoseph2024-04-042024-04-042023-08-01https://etd.aau.edu.et/handle/123456789/2707One of the pressing issues Addis Ababa currently facing is transportation and associated challenges. Different solutions such as the provision of LRT, public transportation, and widening of streets have been applied to minimize the challenges related to transport by the concerned sectors. However, these strategies were only able to bring temporary solutions. Therefore, understanding the relationship between activity densities and individual travel behavior is essential. Concerning this the paper aims to provide evidence on the relationship between the spatial structure and travel behavior in Addis Ababa in order to bring a more sustainable and resilient solution to the transportation and associated challenges. The study applies a mixed research design that combines both qualitative and quantitative data analysis. To increase the accuracy of data both primary and secondary data have been acquired, the primary data were collected through questionnaires and household surveys, While the secondary data were from relevant offices and websites. The collected data for spatial structure study are encoded on GIS and analyzed using GIS tools and Microsoft Excel spreadsheet while travel behavior data are analyzed using descriptive statistical methods. The findings initially identified the type of spatial structure Addis Ababa city has which is a mono-centric structure then calculated job-housing balance to select areas for travel behavior study which are from areas with high job-low housing, balanced job-housing, and low job-high housing ratios. Then from each area, we selected 128 participants a total of 384 using the purposive random sampling method. Finally, the research proved that spatial structure and travel behavior are related and areas that have a balanced job and housing ratio have a positive impact on travel behavior through the encouragement of sustainable modes of transportation, decreasing transportation expense as well as commuting time and its associated externalities. While areas with a low job–high housing have a more negative impact on travel behavior through their dependency on motorized vehicles, increased transportation expense, and a higher commuting time as well as increased VMT, CO2 emission, and energy consumption. Therefore, the balancing of jobs to housing should be a priority in the planning and design of cities along with the provision of affordable, quality, and mixed-income housing in different areas of a city. Keywords: Spatial Structure, Job - Housing balance, Travel Behavior, Transportation,enThesis