Lakew, Mekuria (PhD)Tekie, Habte (PhD)Ngor, Chan2019-09-052023-11-082019-09-052023-11-082017-03-03http://etd.aau.edu.et/handle/123456789/19002South Sudan, like all other East African Countries through Global Fund had implemented several control programs as per recommendation of WHO and succeeded to reduce malaria transmission from intense to interrupted transmission contributing to the implementation of the elimination/eradication program in the years to come. Investigation of the transmission pattern of the hotspot foci and understanding the dynamics of malaria transmission was essential. Therefore, this study planned Hotspot study on urban epidemiological setting of Wau town/city. Cross sectional studies of the town at 2 months intervals in the dry season and two others in wet season were planned. Sample size was determined, peripheral blood Smear and RDT serological methods were adopted as standard methods of prevalence study, positive in both were considered for determination of the prevalence. Accordingly, four (4) study sites were selected and data collection was completed in Hai Nazareth, just before the unpredicted war between the rebel and the government forces broke in the town. Hence, relying on one time cross sectional study for prevalence study and the retrospective data of the preceding year, 2015, taken from Health clinics and hospitals to establish the parasite prevalence. There was transmission throughout the year and an increase in all age groups in the rainy seasons between June and October with peak August-October. Infected individuals who visited the hospital and were found positive are larger in number in the age groups 6-15 and above 15. The result showed that 35% of infection in those under 5 years is greater than 23% of those between 6-10 years indicating that the under 5 are the high risk groups. The 16.1% in those under 1 year are most vulnerable for at that age they do not have protective immunity ready yet. P. falciparum was the only species diagnosed, accounting for 47.51% of all subjects who visited for any other infections (52.49%), suggesting the health significance of Malaria in the population. Primary data done in May and June showed 32.6% infection rate in the sample population of which 5.2% were children under 5 while the age groups 6-15 and above 15 years had 13 and 14.4% respectively. All were asymptomatic cases. Given the retrospective study that showed a year round transmission with a peak between June and October and then a decline to lowest level in December, the Frequency of infection in Children and age group below 15 is a high level of infection and above 15 had relatively higher infection. The demographic distribution of the study population, Metrological data of the town, age distribution of the parasite prevalence, identification of major and minor vectors were also reflected and their implications in breaking transmission were discussed.enHotspot FociEliminationEpidemiological SettingAsymptomatic CasesParasite PrevalenceThesis