S.Mariam, Getachew(PhD)Hassen, Mohammed (phD)Shugute, Abera2018-06-082023-11-182018-06-082023-11-182013-06http://etd.aau.edu.et/handle/12345678/237The Horn of Africa is one of the most strategic areas in Africa and the world both in economic and political spheres. As a result, it had been the stage of a number of deadly conflicts which had regional and international ramifications. The fall of the Berlin wall and resultant end of the cold war which brought about a change in the global political landscape, had witnessed the collages of a number of government is the horn of Africa as well. These and other similar political developments that were unfolding in the sub- region had ushered a scenes of hope among many scholars and political activates that the gloomy scene of conflict would end of the Horn of Africa would extricate itself out of the social, economic and political morass bogged down for decades. However, things began to make uturn and most, if not all, of the state of the sub- region begin to mire in a state of vicious intra & interstate conflicts. Hence, conflicts in the Horn are very rampant: their sources are diverse and complex which involves numerous forces having wide – ranging and incompatible interests likewise to the pre – 1991 period. A number of factors are responsible for those situation to happen among which unsettled boundary problems created by colonial powers, the monopolization of state power by certain groups and to the exclusion of others which the challengers demands a number of political concessions starting from a redefinition of the state’s image, to power sharing or decentralization & devolution to self determination in various forms, object poverty, the proliferation to “political Islam” and terrorism a conflict escalated under the pretext of control over meager natural resource and of the problem of statelessness in Somalia are the most important despite all this turmoil and political upheavals there are some efforts exerted by regional and continental organizations geared towards resolving same of the persistent conflict not ably that of the problem of southern Sudan and Somalia. The peace process in the Sudan seems to be on the right track, while the problem of in Somalia has deteriorated and escalated particularly with the coming induced the military involvement of Ethiopia. Ethiopia and Eretria still in a no war, no peace situation. Hence, regional co- operation and peace seems to be very gloomy as the prevailing situation of the sub-region clearly showsenHorn of AfricaThesis