Tefera, WorkuGezu, MeazaTadesse, Yared2018-07-262023-11-052018-07-262023-11-052016-06http://etd.aau.edu.et/handle/123456789/10147Background The main causes of under- five children morbidity and mortality in developing countries are related to exposures to poor environmental, socio-demographic and behavioral factors. Contaminated water consumption and poor hygienic practices are the leading causes of death among children worldwide especially in developing countries, including Ethiopia. Objective To assess the prevalence and associated factors for the occurrence of diarrhea disease among under-five year’s children Method A Cross sectional study conducted in Woreda 03 Residence of Yeka sub city of Addis Ababa Ethiopia whereby 399 out of 400targeted sample households’ caretaker with under- five children were interviewed by trained data collectors and alsofrom 34 household who have under- five children with diarrhea sample water were taken from usual water storage and examined and the collected data was entered using Epi Info and cleaned and analyzed using SPSS.Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were undertaken to identify factors for childhood diarrhea. Result prevalence of diarrhea in under-five children was found 8.5 percent of the total 399 children from the socioeconomic variables entered the age of mother less than twenty five[AOR: 7.42, 95% CI: (1.64, 33.60)], from the Environmental variables entered in the model those house hold got water more than two week[AOR:4.56, 95% CI: (1.49, 13.93)] and from behavioral variables entered in the model caretaker who said I wash my hands after cleansing baby bottom and after using toilet [AOR:0.36, 95% CI: (0.15, 0.84)] and [AOR:0.23, 95% CI: (0.55, 0.96)]and also those caretaker who said I dispose child feces anywhere by covering with soil [AOR:0.7.9, 95% CI: (1.05, 59.89)]had significant in the final step or model. And the examined water sample result showed that from Ecoli point of view from thirty four 21 and from total coliform point from thirty four 29 sample showed unacceptable result Conclusions and Recommendations Storing water for long time and not practicing of washing hands after cleansing baby bottom and after using toile and also disposing child feces by covering with soil were risk factors for the occurrence of diarrhea in under-five children. Therefore Knowledge and practice on hand washing at critical times should have to get great emphasis during health education in order to protect the children against diarrhea and also the demand and supply of water supply gap should be minimizedenDiarrheal Diseases among Under-Five Years ChildrenThesis