Aklilu Amsalu(PhD)Belay Gurmessa2024-12-302024-12-302024-08-01https://etd.aau.edu.et/handle/123456789/4039Small-scale farmers in poor countries, particularly in Africa, that depend on rain-fed crops for a living have been impacted by climate change. Climate change adaptation and mitigation are critical in this environment. This study was to assess the impact of climate change and adaptation strategies among smallholder farmers in Chiro Woreda. The selection of the kebeles were done purposefully based on the agroecology. For the study, one group in each kebeles was formed composed of male and female to collect primary data. The main methods used to gather the data were interviews with kebeles administrators’, woreda managers’, and development team leaders’ peoples and local elders; questionnaires; focused group discussions (FGDs) with selected farmers; and reviewing secondary data from different unpublished sources. Descriptive ways of analysis methods was applied. Farmers had adopted various climate change adaptations; the respondents had income source diversification; early and late planting, shifting from cattle to small ruminants, practicing soil and water conservation, having planted drought-resistant crops, practicing decreased livestock, practicing forestation and reforestation, practicing mixed farming, practicing irrigation, and practicing daily labor. The study was focused on major problems of crop production. Farmers also sorted out their major challenges for their failures to adapt, which include lack of irrigation, inadequate of money to finance their adaptation strategies, inadequate of knowledge concerning appropriate adaptation strategies, unavailable of information about long-term climate change, lack of extension services, insufficient infrastructure, shortage of land, insecure property rights and land tenure issues, and lack of credit service. Key words:, climate change, adaptation strategy, adaptation, smallholder farmersen-USclimate changeadaptation strategyadaptationsmallholder farmersThesis