Mathews, K. (PhD)Asfaw, Dereje2018-06-282023-11-042018-06-282023-11-042017-04http://etd.aau.edu.et/handle/123456789/4333The purpose of this study is to investigate the roles of international community to rebuild Libya and the major rationales behind the continuation of crises in the aftermath of the 2011 humanitarian intervention. Libya, after the intervention is a country experiencing human rights violations, instability, economic breakdown and deterioration in both quality and quantity of social services like health care and education. So, the study addresses the international roles in the period of crises and the question why the crises continue after Gaddafi. As a research intends to explain the international roles in rebuilding Libya and the chief reasons for the persistence of crises after intervention, it has employed qualitative research methodology which is appropriate for research based on explanations, analysis and conceptualizations of issues and to this end document analysis and key informant interviews were conducted. The study use realistic approach to humanitarian cases to evaluate the behavior of states and the concept of R2P as a tool of analysis. The 2011 Libyan revolt was started because of different root and immediate causes. Chief among the root causes are violation of human rights, regionalism, tribalism and corruption. While the arrest of FathiTerbil, human rights activist and the attorney for the families of those who were killed at Abu Salim prison camp and the inspiration of Libyans by regime changes in some of their neighboring countries such as Tunisia and Egypt were the immediate causes of the revolt. The international community responded to the Libyan crises using the norm of the responsibility to protect as a base, the concept which implies that state has the primary responsibility to protect its own people from genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity and ethnic cleansing but the responsibility transferred to international community if the state is unable and/ or unwilling to halt and/or perpetuate these crimes by itself. The international community has been play roles in rebuilding Libya in areas of building institutions, mediating political dialogue among Libyan political parties, providing economic and social assistances. Despite this however, the evaluation of the international presence in Libya was limited. The process of rebuilding Libya is politicized and the approaches of the international community to rebuild it are found to be realistic approach. This was manifested in the increased presence of western actors following the strong establishment of Islamic states after 2014. There are both internal and external factors for the persistence of the crisis in Libya after the 2011 humanitarian intervention. Internally, factors such as weak transitional governments, competitions for political power, political legitimacy and economic resources among Libyan factions, the presence of terrorist groups, Revenge attacks, the Passage of Isolation Law on Perceived Pro- Gaddafi Regime and tribalism have been identified. While externally, limited international roles in rebuilding Libya, the realistic approach of major powers, biased intervention that is supports for rebels, the unmanaged security sector during the transitional period and the immediate end of the mission without establishing an able government after Gaddafi have been identified as a major reasons for the continuation of the crises. The major regional powers support Libya’s major factions, Libya dawn and Libyan dignity, separately for their political, economic and ideological interests. States like Egypt, Saudi Arabia and UAE support operation dignity while Qatar, Turkey and Sudan support operation dawn which in turn makes the crises to persist by creating division between actors and providing them with availability of war weapons. Keyword: Rebuild Libya, humanitarian intervention, international communityenRebuild LibyaHumanitarian InterventionInternational CommunityThesis