Gebre-Mariam, Tsige (Prof.)Endale, Abebe2022-03-162023-11-062022-03-162023-11-062000-06http://etd.aau.edu.et/handle/123456789/30617Glinus lotoides Linne, locally known as "Mettere" is an ailliual herb, the seeds of which are traditionally used as anthelminthic for the prevalent tape worm infection. The taenicidal activity has been attributed to the saponins present in the seeds. This study reports on the development of suitable extraction and purification methods of the seeds of the plant; the development of analytical methods for quantification of the saponins in the crude extracts; the physico-chemical characterisation of the extracts; and tablet formulation thereof. Extraction and purification methods to obtain "total saponins" of G. lotoides were developed and the purified extract (i.e., total saponins) was used as a standard for quantitative determination. Sensitive colourimetric and UV -spectrophotometric methods were developed and ~-escin, a mixture of triterpenoidic saponins obtained from Aesculus hippocastanum, was used as a control standard. For the colourimetric assay method, the official German Pharmacopoeia (DAB) method of determination of ~-escin was adopted with slight modification. In this, saponins were reacted with ferric chloride in acetic acid: sulphuric acid (1: 1) and the red-coloured complex formed was measured at 540 and 409 nm for ~-escin and saponins of G. lotoides respectively. Linear regression of the calibration curves yielded equation Y = 6.6314X - 0.0279 (r = 0.9983) for ~-escin and Y = 12.669X + 0.0456 (r = 0.9993) for saponins of G. lotoides at concentrations ranging from 0.02 to 0.12 mg/ml and 0.01 to 0.06 mg/ml, respectively. XIII Pre-derivatization of saponins with 10% acetic acid in 0.1 N HCI rendered them UVactive and absorption was measured at 238 nm. Linear regression of the calibration curve yielded an equation of Y = 7.9514X - 0.0536 (r = 0.9983) at concentrations ranging from 0.02 to 0.12 mg/ml. Both methods showed comparable and reproducible results on identical samples and were employed for standardisation of the extracts of the seeds of G. lata ides. Physico-chemical properties of the powdered extracts of the seeds such as particle size and distribution, morphology, water sorption pattern, densities, flow properties and compaction profiles were investigated. Based on the density results, properties, namely, porosity, consolidation index (Carr's index) and Hausner ratio were calculated. The effects of some extraction processes, such as extracting solvents and methods of extract drying, on the physical properties of the extracts were investigated and a suitable solvent system and drying method were determined. Based up on the results of the preformulation studies, the most suitable extract of the seeds of G. la/aides (570 mg of Extract A) was formulated and compressed into 1.15g oblong tablets (having long and short diameters of 20.1 and 8.2 mm respectively). The effects of types of filler/binder, disintegrants and compression force were investigated. Tablet properties such as hardness, disintegration time and friability were evaluated and suitable tablet formulation was developed.enSeeds of Glinus lotoidesThesis