Dr.Gemechu, Tufa (MD, Associate Professor of Pathology)Nuredin, Fadil2021-04-112023-11-052021-04-112023-11-052020-01http://etd.aau.edu.et/handle/123456789/26048Background: According to Globocan 2018 estimate esophageal cancer ranks the eighth and ninth as the leading cause of cancer mortality and morbidity respectively in Ethiopia. Although esophageal lesions particularly cancer is a public health problem in Ethiopia, there are limited data on the margin status, gross description of carcinoma, and proportion of nonneoplastic disease in the country. Objectives: This study aims to assess the histologic type and anatomic location of esophageal lesions overall, and gross description, length of the involved segment, radial margin status, and pathologic stage group of esophageal carcinoma at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: The study was carried out at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The record of 518 patients who had histopathological diagnosis of esophageal lesions over a period of 4 years and 8 months between January 01, 2016, and August 30, 2020, were retrospectively analyzed. A structured data extraction tool was used to collect important variables. Descriptive statistics such as mean, median, frequency, and percentages, etc... were computed using SPSS computer software version 26.0. Result: Out of 518 esophageal endoscopic and resection specimens studied 294(56.8%) were females and 224(43.2%) were males. An age range of 35 days up to 86 years was observed. There Were 475 (91.7%) malignant Cases, 34(6.56%) nonneoplastic cases, and 9(1.73%) precancerous cases. From malignant cases, 46.9% occurs in the distal third of the esophagus followed by 25.1% in the middle third. The mean and median tumor lengths were 4.23 and 4 cm respectively. The most common macroscopic (gross) finding was diffusely infiltrative or constricting 46(48.4%) followed by Fungating or ulcerative38(40.0%). There were 374(78.7%) squamous cell carcinoma and its variants, 94(19.8%) adenocarcinoma and its variants, 6(1.3%) adeno squamous cell carcinoma, and 1(0.2%) undifferentiated carcinoma. 42(44.7%) had positive radial margin status. The commonest histologic grade is G1 29 (48.3%) followed by G3 17 (28.3%) and G2 14 (23.3%). The most common pathologic stage group was stage III 49(54.5%) followed by stage II 27(30%), and stage I and IV each account for 7(7.8%). Half of premalignant cases occur in the middle third and the other half in the distal third. The most common histologic type was high-grade squamous dysplasia 5(55.6%) followed by Barrett's esophagus with low-grade dysplasia 2(22.2%). 56.3% nonneoplastic cases occur in the distal third followed by two or more segments in 21.9%. Barrettes esophagus, Nonspecific esophagitis, and benign ulcers account for more than 60 % of the cases Conclusion: The majority of esophageal lesions were malignant and are squamous cell carcinoma. Overall cancer of the esophagus mainly affects the distal 1/3 of the esophagus including GEJ. Most carcinomas are well-differentiated, in pathologic stage III, and have positive radial margin status.en-USNon-Neoplastic, Precancerous, Esophageal Cancer, Histologic Type, Radial margin, Histologic grade, pathologic Stage group.Thesis