Abdo, Mohammed (PhD)Bekera, Shura2019-03-052023-11-082019-03-052023-11-082007-06http://etd.aau.edu.et/handle/123456789/16528Nile is distinct International River not only because it is the longest river in the world, but further because it is one of the few international rivers shared by greater number of riparian states, yet not have all inclusive permanent basin wide cooperation on the uses and managements of its water resources so that still facing multifaceted challenges. It is also distinct because out of the ten riparian states sharing its waters, the most contributors to the river are use little or nothing while the most users contribute nothing or little to the river. Although, attempt to cooperate on the Nile waters was started, at least in the form of bilateral agreements, since colonial era and later in 1959 between Egypt an Sudan, multilateral attempts started in 1967 with the establishment of Hydro- met between six riparian states that was also not inclusive until the NBI which was created in 1999 involving all Nile basin countries except Eritrea. The NBI is a transitional arrangement established to advance NRBSAP to foster permanent cooperation and pursue sustainable development and management of Nile water resources for the benefit of all inhabitants in the region. Despite its encouraging shared vision, objectives, programs and projects, the NBI is however, said to be facing multifaceted challenges to that its success fall under question. Among other things, diver gent interests of the riparian states; instability in the region; interference by one riparian in the affairs of the riparian states; instability in the region; interference by one riparian in the affairs of another; lack of transparency from part of supporting partnerships and unanswered legal issues are considered to be serious threats to the success of the NBI. In sum, the paper briefly explores the prospects for the NBI, its progress and challenges facing its moves towards permanent basin wide cooperation. It tries to analyze these issues from perspective of modem international trends, and ends up with conclusion and recommending plausible solutions.enProspects and ChallengesNile Basin Initiative (Nbi)Thesis