Ayele,Blen(MD)Endris,Semira (MD)Atale,Surafiel2025-08-132025-08-132024-05https://etd.aau.edu.et/handle/123456789/6595Background: Intraoperative hypoxemia is a very common respiratory adverse event in pediatric anesthesia. It causes hemodynamic instability like tachycardia, bradycardia, cardiac arrest, and hypoxic brain insults, and it is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Even though it is common, there are a few studies’ that show the incidence of intraoperative hypoxemia increases with younger ages. Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the incidence of intraoperative hypoxemia and its associated patient, surgical, and anesthesia related risk factors in elective and emergency pediatric surgery at TASH. Method: The study design was a single-center analytic prospective observational study at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital with a sample size of 208. Convenience consecutive sampling technique was used to select the patient. The data was collected from pediatric patients who have had non-cardiac surgery from induction to the emergence of general anesthesia by continuous monitoring and observation of the pulse oximetry record from the monitor. The observed data was documented in the prepared anonymous questionnaire. The data was entered, coded, cleaned, and analyzed by SPSS 29 software. Logistic regression was used to assess the association between the dependent and independent variable and p value< 0.05 at Confidence interval of 95% was used for assessing the statistical significance. Result: Among the 208 pediatric patients included in the study, 117 (56.2%) were experienced a drop in saturation at or below 90%. Forty four (37.6%) of this study participants (117) had only a one minute duration of desaturation, and 49 (41.8%) of the participants had one episode. From 117, 91 (77.7%) were attributed to true hypoxemia, and the other 26 (22.2%) were artifacts. 34 (29%) occurred during induction, and the remaining occurred during maintenance and emergence. From all true hypoxemia, 46(50.5%) were mild, and the remaining's were in the moderate to severe ranges. The study finding showed that the urgency of the surgery, neonatal age, higher ASA class and the presence of comorbidity were associated with hypoxemia by bivariate and multivariate logistic regression. Conclusion: Since intraoperative hypoxemia is prevalent in pediatric patients, understanding and addressing these risk factors may help to improve perioperative care and outcomes.en-USIntraoperative hypoxemiaAnesthesiaThesis