Desta, Kassu (Msc, PHD candidate)Mekuria, Nibret2018-11-282023-11-062018-11-282023-11-062018-06http://etd.aau.edu.et/handle/123456789/14615Background: Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by the bacillus Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The diagnosis of TB is highly relies sputum smear microscopy. It requires three sputum sample examinations over two days (conventional approach) and patient often abandons the diagnostic procedure owing to costs and inconvenience involved in multiple visits. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends same day sputum microscopy (spot-spot) for the diagnosis of smear positive tuberculosis. As there is limited study on the same day sputum microscopy in our country this study aim to evaluate same day sputum smear performance for the detection of pulmonary and multi-drug resistance tuberculosis. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess Performance of Same day Sputum Smear Approach for Detection of Pulmonary Tuberculosis and multidrug resistance among presumptive tuberculosis cases Visiting St, Peter specialized hospital Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Method: Institution based Cross sectional study was conducted from January 2017 to May 2017 at St, peter specialized hospital, Addis Ababa. Smears was stained and examined by Ziehl- Neelsen (ZN) and florescence (FM) microscopy. Culture was done on LJ media and Multidrug resistance tuberculosis status was determined using line probe assay. In addition descriptive analysis was computed and Chi square test was used to see any association between the two methods and P value <0.05 was considered as statically significant. Result we identified 25 patients with at least one positive smear and 9 cases were positive by conventional method and missed by the same day scheme. The same day and conventional method significant difference in case detection (P<0.001). The sensitivity of the same day method was 40.8%, positive predictive value and negative predictive value was 95.2%, 91.4% respectively. Conclusion The performance of same day smear microscopy for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in the case of pulmonary tuberculosis suspect is associated with significant missed diagnosis and lower sensitivity. This has indirect impact on the number cases of MDR. Recommendation Since same day approach missed considerable number of smear positive cases and has lower sensitivity Service providers should promote the use of spot –morning-spot sputum smear approach (conventional smear microscopy) the diagnosis of pulmonary TBen-USTuberculosis, MDRTB, Someday, ConventionalThesis