Getahun, Negalign (BSc,MSc)Nigatu, Dessalegn2018-11-022023-11-052018-11-022023-11-052018-06http://etd.aau.edu.et/handle/123456789/13660Background: Worldwide, over two million children are infected with HIV, ninety percent of who live in sub-Saharan Africa in 2011. Many HIV-infected infants and children die from HIV-related causes without their HIV status being known or receiving HIV care. Without access to cotrimoxazole prophylaxis and supportive care, about a third of all HIV-infected infants die by 1 year of age and about half of all HIV-infected infants die by age 2 years. Ethiopia is one of low income county in sub-Saharan Africa that suffers a lot. For instance, out of an estimated 135,000 children who are in need of cotrimoxazole prophylaxis, only fifty six percent are currently receiving this intervention. Objective: the aim of this study is to assess adherence and challenges in implementation of CPT among children born from HIV infected mother Methods: Retrospective cross - sectional study design was conducted from January 2016 – April 2018. A total of 293 samples were collected using semi - structured data collection format. The data were cleaned manually, coded and entered into Epi – data version 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Bivariate and Multivariate logistic regression, crude and adjusted odds ratio with their 95% confidence interval and p-value <0.05 were used to identify Variables which had significant association with CPT adherence and challenge in its implementation. Result : The strongest predictors of poor adherence to CPT are long procedure in getting the drug (OR=9.913 (2.825-34.731), p=<O.000), shortage of drug availability (OR=3.917 (0.649-23.630), p=<O.013) and unfriendly hospital staff (OR=3.725(0.968-14.332,p=0.056). Care takers reason on CPT thought as a treatment of HIV (p=0.023) and reason for hospitalization (p=0.36), related medical problems like diarrhea (OR=4.324(1.067-17.530, p=0.040) and fever (p=0.067), occupation of care giver (p=0.033) significantly associated with poor adherence of CPT among HIV exposed children. Conclusion: - Implementation of CPT guidelines should be central to the delivery of HIV care and treatment. In HIV exposed children, hospital management should put in place necessary mechanism to ensure that potentially poor adherent HEI are identified in a timely manner and that barriers to adherence are appropriately addressed during counseling sessions with health service providers. In addition, since the study identifies social support as key in promoting adherence, facility based strategy could be revised to help identify any barrier to non-adherenceen-USChallenge, adherence, cotrimoxazole preventive therapy, exposed childThesis