Enquselassie, Fikre(PhD)Mohammed, Endris2018-07-122023-11-052018-07-122023-11-052007-07http://etd.aau.edu.et/handle/123456789/8279Back ground: Globally, an estimated 2.3 million children are living with HIV/AIDS, and 2.1 million of these children are in sub-Saharan Africa at the end of 2005. At the end of 2005, 700,000 new infection and 570,000 new deaths occur in children < 15 years of age. MTCT accounts for more than 90% of HIV in children. Prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) is a commonly used term for programs and interventions designed to reduce the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (MTCT). HIV testing and counselling services need to be made available to all women of childbearing age because PMTCT interventions depend upon a woman knowing her HIV status. Objective: To assess prevalence and determinants of acceptance of HIV testing among pregnant mothers at antenatal care settings of selected health centers in Addis Ababa. Methods: Institution based quantitative case-control study was conducted in selected 10 health centers in Addis Ababa on 88 cases and 176 controls using a pre tested structured questionnaire and records were reviewed to determine the prevalence of acceptance of HIV test in the selected health centers in the month prior to the study period. In addition focus group discussions were conducted with the clients using semi structured questionnaire. Results: A total of 264 mothers were interviewed. Among the socio demographic variables, acceptance of HIV test was higher among those with secondary and tertiary education level. Acceptance of HIV test was higher in those pregnant mothers with prior HIV test, more pregnancies, who did not want to consult their husband before HIV test, who did not consider them selves to be at risk of HIV, and who perceive that HIV test is beneficial. It was also higher in those mothers who correctly identify modes of HIV transmission and in those who identify ARVs as a way to prevent MTCT. Otherwise stigmatizing attitudes towards PLWHA were not found to be associated with acceptance of HIV test. Adjusting for socio demographic, Knowledge on HIV, MTCT and PMTCT and reproductive health factors, acceptance of HIV test was found to significantly associated with Knowledge of ARVs(OR=1.953, 95% CI=1.2-3.739), Perceived benefit of HIV test(OR=7.085, 95% CI=2.218-22.62), getting Husbands consent before the test(OR=0.458, 95%CI=0.23-0.916), and number of pregnancies(OR=0.319, 95%CI=0.104-0.98).The prevalence of HIV test among pregnant mothers was >80% and the prevalence of HIV was 7% in the selected health centers. v Conclusion: Previous HIV test, knowledge of ARVs and husband’s consent were found to be important factors of acceptance of HIV test. The study gives useful information to health care providers to introduce measures that could improve the utilization of antenatal HIV testing.enPrevalence and Determinants of Acceptance of HIV testingThesis