Gebrehiwot, Firehiwot (PhD)Abate, Meheretab2018-07-132023-11-042018-07-132023-11-042016-10http://etd.aau.edu.et/handle/123456789/8533This study is concerned with Female street Children and women who are the most vulnerable segment of the society who need to get all appropriate, sufficient assistance and support to improve their livelihood in particular and their life in general. The government as well as other stockholders including NGOs have a big responsibility to play to improve the livelihood of Street children and women. The main objective of the study is to show and find out the roles and challenges of women and children affairs offices of Yeka and Arada sub cities from the government side as well as Muday Charity Association and MCMDO from NGO side towards improving the livelihood of Female Street children and women by applying descriptive research method using purposive sampling techniques. Data was collected through Interview and questionnaires from the selected institutions managers & NGOs managers and from FSCW as well. The findings show that the roles being played by the government Institutions towards improving the livelihood of SCW is insignificant and inefficient comparing to the need and sensitivity of the issue due to lack of proper attention other than many. And the roles being played by the selected NGOs is much better than that of the government institutions despite the fact that there are limitations in their service and challenges that they have. Finally, the study concludes that higher government authority should and must give all the necessary attention to improve the livelihood of FSCW who are very vulnerable and who needs support, the institutions must get all the necessary resource to conduct their tasks and NGOs also need to be encouraged to continue rendering service to FSCW in a consistent manner. The study used important words throughout the chapters like Livelihood, Female Street Children, Street Women, NGOs and Institutionsen-USRoles and challengesThesis