Esubalew Abate (PhD)Mesay Hailu2024-01-022024-01-022023-08http://etd.aau.edu.et/handle/123456789/1368Climate change is one of the globe's most significant impediments to agricultural productivity and production, with the most devastating consequences in developing countries. As a result, understanding climate change perception and CSA practice adoption level and the influencing elements is critical for policy development and making decisions on CSA practice implementation. The research was conducted in Welmera Woreda, Oromia, Ethiopia. From the Woreda’s three kebele, 306 respondent farmers were selected. A cross-sectional survey, focus group discussion and key informant interviews were employed for primary data. A review of related literature was employed for secondary data. Ordered logistic regression and multivariate Probit were employed for analysis of quantitative data. Rainfall and temperature data were analyzed using Mann-Kendall and Sen Slope methods. Qualitative data were analyzed by narration methods. The result indicates 66.6% of the farmers strongly believed that maximum temperatures have been increasing over the last three decades. The result shows 39.8% , 59.5%, and 82.7% of the farmers believed that increased in weed infestation, frequency of livestock illness occurrence and crop disease occurrence. Late onset of main rainy season was perceived by 48.7% the respondents, while 63% perceived early offset of rainfall. 43.8% of all respondents believed that erratic nature of rainfall has increased, and 53.9% believe that water levels are dropping and water sources are disappearing. Conservation agriculture, integrated soil fertility management, and crop diversification are the study areas most extensively used CSA. Based on economic constraint model, having relatively large farmland significantly, increases the adoption of conservation agriculture, improved soil fertility management, diversification of crop, improved livestock feed and feeding practices, and postharvest technology practice. Better farm income increases the uptake of improved livestock feed and feeding. Having a large number of livestock positively influences adoption of conservation agriculture and access credit services has a favorable impact for adoption of agroforestry, crop diversification, and postharvest technology. The innovation diffusion model indicate that access to agricultural extension and training has favorable effects on the adoption of crop diversification; accessibility to participation on farmers’ field day similarly influences adoption of conservation practices and improved soil fertility management. The result indicates an unpredictable pattern of rainfall in the study area together with an upward trend in average temperature. Incorporating location-specific CSA practices in to agricultural program and awareness creation for farmers and experts about climate change are essential.enClimate change, perception, Climate smart agriculture, AdoptionThesis