Alemu Tesfaye (PhD)Liyew Zelalem2018-07-242023-11-092018-07-242023-11-092017-09http://etd.aau.edu.et/handle/123456789/9913Tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a major public health problem and continues to be a world leading killer disease primarily affecting the poor people in developing countries. The necessities of this study to provide information’s against TB about continuous evaluation of TB in different settings. The objective of the current study was to determine the reported TB and TB/HIV co-infection among patients attending public health care facilities found in Motta town. The study also analyzed TB/HIV co-infection, case detection rate (CDR) treatment success rate (TSR) among patients attending Directly Observed Therapy Short Course (DOTS) by comparing to national and global level. A five year (2012-2016) retrospective cross sectional study design based on secondary data of total TB patients with socio demographic information registered from TB Registry unit of the patients found in the TB center was used and the data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 software through one sample test and one way ANNOVAs. From a total of 551 TB patients 313 (56.8%) were males and 238 (43.2%) were females with male to female ratio1.3:1. Majority of the TB cases (91.1%) were within the active economically productive age groups (15-54 years). The CDR was 39% which was lower than the national (62%), regional (52%) and global (64%) showing that the study area did not met the global target of 70% by 2015. All TB patients were tested for HIV which achieved the global target by 2015. The prevalence of TB/HIV co-infection in the study area was higher (26.9%) compared to the national prevalence (11.0%) requiring more action to control TB/HIV co-infections. Generally, there was a minimal variation in trend of TB/HIV co-infection, the reported cases of TB decreased for the last five years by 11.5%(p = 0.00). However, TB remains a major health problem in Motta town and its surroundings. Strengthening TB and HIV collaborative activities to decrease the high burden of TB/HIV co-infection of Motta town, using sensitive and recent diagnostic tools to increase the case detection rate of smear positive pulmonary TB and modifying the daily available Bacillus Calmette Guerin( BCG) vaccine to make it more effective in all age groups for the future are recommended to overcome the high burden of TB and TB/HIV co-infection. Key words: Case detection rate, Directly Observed Treatment Short course, Treatment success rate, Tuberculosis, TB/HIV co-infectionenCase Detection RateDirectly Observed Treatment Short CourseTreatment Success RateTuberculosisTB/HIV Co-InfectionThesis