Browsing by Author "Yasmin Jibril"
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Item A Prevalence Study on Bovine Mastitis in Selected Areas of Ethiopia and Efficacy Test of Medicinal Plants on Commonly Isolated Pathogens of Bovine Mastitis(Addis Ababa University, 2010-06) Mandefro Dargie; Yasmin Jibril; Fekadu Regassa; Akafete TekluThe study was conducted with an objective of determining prevalence of mastitis in local zebu and cross breed lactating cows and assessing efficacy of seven phytopreparatons on commonly isolated pathogens of bovine mastitis. The study was based on 369 lactating cows with in small-scale extensive and semi-intensive husbandry practices in two selected highland and midland areas of Amhara region and in a large-scale intensive farm in Algae ATVET College. During sampling, each quarter was inspected for clinical case of mastitis and quarter milk from each cow was tested with CMT for sub-clinical mastitis. Plants were collected from their natural habitat, prepared, extracted and impregnated for efficacy test on (n= 12) isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactia. With combined clinical inspection and CMT test, an overall prevalence of mastitis was 50.7% (16.0% clinical and 34.7% sub clinical) are cow base and 39.8% (6.3% clinical and 33.5% sub-clinical) at quarter level. A binary logistic regression analysis showed statistical associations of intensive farms (OR= 10.727, p= 0.000) with the disease than extensive husbandry practices. Cows at third and above lactation were statistically associated (OR= 5.418, P = 0.000) with mastitis than cows at first lactation. From seven plants tested for efficacy Bereza, Commicarpus pediculosus, Cyphostemum adenocaule and Xanthium stramarium showed visible zone of inhibitions. There was a significant difference' observed within mean zone of inhibition of plant types. Mean zone of inhibition from 20% Commicarpus pediculosus (29.00mm) was found statistically higher than (PItem Cross Sectional Study and Isolation of M. Gallisepticum In Commercial and Backyard Chickens in East Shewa, Ethiopia(2007-06) Yasmin Jibril; yilkal AsfawCross sectional study and isolation of M. gallisepticum was conducted from November 2006 to April 2007 in commercial and backyard chickens in East Shewa, Ethiopia. A total of 514 sera were collected for sero-prevalence study, of which 187 were from commercial chickens and 327 from backyard chickens. All sera were tested using an indirect ELISA to detect antibodies to M. gallisepticum infection. This preliminary study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of M. gallisepticum infection, to assess epidemiological risk factors and to isolate M. gallisepticum. The overall sero-prevalence of M. gallisepticum infection was 49.4% (254/514). Out of this, 64.5% (211/327) in backyard chickens and 23% (43/187) in commercial chickens and this was statistically significant difference (p<0.05). Variation in prevalence was observed among commercial farms being high in farm-B (46.8%) and low in farm-C (4.25%) and this was statistically significant (p<0.05). Significant difference (p<0.05) in prevalence was also observed among five Woredas selected for sampling backyard chickens being high in Lume (72.7%) and low in Ada'a (47.5%). Age was significantly associated (p<0.05) with M. gallisepticum infection. Increasing prevalence with an increasing age was recorded. In layer flocks, statistically significant (p<0.05) difference in prevalence was observed being 0% in chicks at 1 to 8 weeks and 67.3% in layers at 18 to 76 weeks. However, no significant difference (p>0.05) was seen between broiler growers at 3 to 6 weeks and finishers at 6 to 10 weeks with prevalence of 6.6% and 9.5%, respectively. It was also revealed that significant difference (p<0.05) in prevalence was seen between layers (41.7%) and broilers (7.8%). Significant association (p<0.05) was also observed between sex and MG infection in commercial chickens with higher prevalence in females (32.4%) than males (10.1%) but no significant (p>0.05) sex difference in prevalence among backyard chickens was observed. Post mortem examination was conducted and gross post mortem lesions on lung, trachea, and air sacs were collected and processed for isolation. M. gallisepticum was isolated from clinically sick commercial chickens and apparently healthy backyard chickens. The current study revealed M. gallisepticum infection is prevalent in the study area. It was also concluded that further study should be conducted to assess economic impact of the disease in the area and to investigate the status of the disease in other areas of the country.Item Epidemiological Aspects and Economic Impacts of Lumpy Skin Disease in Selected Districts of Ethiopia(Addis Ababa University, 2010-06) Ashebir Balcha; Moses Kyule; Yasmin Jibril; Getachew GariA cross-sectional study and retrospective questionnaire survey were conducted from October 2009 to April 201 0 in six selected districts of Ethiopia; three districts for serological study were from Amhara region and the other three districts for retrospective survey in Oromia region. This study aimed at determining the prevalence and associated monetary losses in intensive small scale dairy farms and in extensively managed farms. A total of 263 cattle blood samples were collected from 7 PAs in 3 districts. All the sera were tested using IFA T and VNT. Out of 263 sera, 110 and 85 were positive by IFAT and VNT respectively, giving stopper valences of IFAT of 41.8% and VNT of 32.3%. The retrospective survey was carried on 355 herds having 2954 cattle the latter, 102 herds were intensively managed and had 7 18 cattle while, 253 herds were extensively managed and had a total of 2236. The relevant data were collected from the herd owners that dwelt in 25 PAs in 3 selected districts with the objectives of estimating an midlevel prevalence, mortality and associated monetary losses due to outbreak of LSD. The computed animal-level prevalence's of LSD outbreak were 13.8% (95% CI: 12.4 - 15.3) and 31.8% (95% CI 28.3 - 35. 8) in extensively and intensively managed farm s, respectively with an overall animal-level prevalence o f 18.2% (95% Cl: 16.8 - 19.6). The computed percent mortality was significantly higher in intensively managed farms with 7.24% (95% CI: 5.3 - 9.1 ) than the percent mortality in extensively managed farms with 1.25% (95% Cl: 0.8 -1.7). The overall observed mortality was 2.7% (95% CI: 1.3 - 4. 1). The animal- level prevalence's by age-groups were 12% (95% C I: 8.3 - 17), 17.4% (95% Cl: 13.7 - 21.4) and 19.9% (95% CI: 16.2 - 23.6) in calves, yearlings and adults respectively. The percent mortality of 4.5% (95% Cl: 3 - 8.9) in calves were significantly higher than in yearlings. of2.4% (95% CI: 1.2 - 3.6) and of2.4% (95% CI: 1.7 - 3. 1) in adults The total financial losses due to LSD outbreak were estimated using economic models for livestock both in intensively and extensively managed farm s and the results were 28.5 million birr and 5 billion birr respectively. Thus, these findings highlight the importance and negative impacts of LSD in Ethiopia although the actual financial losses were not calculated for the complex impacts that could not be estimated in monetary terms for example abortions, in creases in calving intervals, and poor growth rates. Key words: Ethiopia, Economic model, IFAT, LSD, Prevalence, Risk factors VNTItem Epidemiology and Economic Impact of Foot and Mouth Disease in Domestic Ruminants in Western Amhara Regional State, Northwestern Ethiopia(Addis Ababa University, 2021) Betelihem Yirdaw; Yasmin JibrilFoot and mouth disease is a highly contagious viral disease that primarily affects cloven-hoofed animals and causes significant economic losses in the livestock industry. A cross-sectional study was conducted in the western Amhara region of Ethiopia during the period from November 2020 to May 2021 with the aim of estimating the seroprevalence and associated risk factors of FMD, to identifying circulating serotypes and determines the economic impact of the diseases on domestic ruminants. A total of 389 sera samples and 14 epithelial tissue samples were collected from ruminants. A questionnaire survey was also conducted to determine economic loss associated with FMD. All the serum samples were subjected to a 3ABC enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay to detect antibodies against non-structural proteins of foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV). In this study, the overall seroprevalence of FMDV in the domestic ruminants were 4.63% (18/389); (95%; CI: 2.93% - to 7.24%). The seroprevalence of cattle, sheep and goats were 6.38% (12/389), 3.67% (4/389) and 2.17% (2/389) respectively. The multivariable logistic regression analysis showed the occurrence of FMD was higher in Adet than in Banja (OR= 11.48, p=0.02). The occurrence in the semi-intensive production system was significantly greater than the occurrence in the extensive production system (OR=14.2 and p= 0.001). FMDV was detected using real-time reverse transcriptase polymerize chain reaction (RT-PCR) from a total of 14 active tissue samples taken and serotyping was done using antigen detection sandwich ELISA. FMDV was found in all tissue samples, and serotypes O, A, SAT1, and SAT2 were identified. Questionnaire survey data revealed total economic loss was 5553.21ETB (132.21$USA) per herd and 1124.13ETB (26.76$USA) per individual animal. It was determined that the disease's impact is extremely severe, resulting in massive economic losses. Therefore, it was recommended that further investigations on the epidemiology and economic consequences should be studied to design appropriate control options.Item Epidemiology and Economic Impact of Foot and Mouth Disease of Cattle in Selected Districts of Arsi and Bale Zone, Oromiya Regional State, Ethiopia(Addis Abeba University, 2022) Mohammed Aliye; Yasmin JibrilFoot and mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease that primarily affects clovenhoofed animals and causes significant economic losses in Ethiopia. To develop effective control and preventive measures, it is necessary to know the status of FMD through continuous surveillance, outbreak investigation, risk factor assessment and analysis of economic impact. Therefore, a cross-sectional study was conducted from November, 2021 to June, 2022 with the aim of estimate the seroprevalence, identify associated risk factors, identifying circulating serotypes, and analyzing the economic impact of the diseases on cattle in selected districts of the Arsi and Bale zones, Oromia, Ethiopia. A multistage cluster sampling technique for the seroprevalence study was used, and a total of 779 sera samples and 11 epithelial tissue samples were also collected for serotyping. To estimate the economic loss associated with FMD and assess various factors that affect the occurrence of foot-and-mouth disease, a questionnaire survey was conducted. To detect antibodies against non-structural proteins of foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV), the 3ABC ELISA was employed. In this study, the overall seroprevalence of FMD in cattle was 48.65 % (379/779) (95% CI: 45%- 52%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that districts, breed, age, herd size, and animal composition were significantly associated with FMD seroprevalence (p< 0.05). The odds of FMD seropositivity were higher in cattle kept with small ruminants (OR = 1.737, 95% CI: 1.195-2.538, p = 0.0039) than in cattle alone. It also revealed that the odds of seropositivity were 1.756 higher in adults compared with young cattle (OR = 1.756, 95% CI: 1.677-3.528, p=0.0000). Of the eleven (11) tissue samples subjected for serotyping by the antigen detection ELISA, nine (9) samples were found positive and three types of FMDV serotypes were identified. The identified serotypes were: serotype A (77.77%), SAT 1 (11.11%), and SAT 2 (11.11%). During the study period, the total economic loss was estimated to be 374025ETB (7333.82USD). It was found that the disease's impact was extremely severe, resulting in massive economic losses. Therefore, further investigation and characterization of the circulating virus serotype and economic consequences should be studied to design appropriate control options.Item Epidemiology of Bovine Tuberculosis in East Wollega Zone, Western Ethiopia(Addis Ababa University, 2010-06-01) Melezene Woyessa; Yasmin JibrilA cross-sectional study was conducted at Nekemte Abattoir and Horro-Guduru Cattle Breeding and Improvement Centre (HGCBIC) from September 2009 to May 2010 to estimate the prevalence of bovine tuberculosis (BTB), and characterize its causative agents using post mortem examination, comparative interademal tuberculin (CIDT) test, bacteriological culturing, Zeihl Neelsen staining, multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and region of difference-4 (RD4) deletion typing. To accomplish these objectives, 1,186 cattle were recruited into the study from Nekemete Abattoir and 500 cattle from HGCBIC. The prevalence of BTB was 5.9% (701186) at Nekemete Abattoir on the basis of gross lesion while it was 1.8% (9/500) at HGCBIC using ClDT test. There was no significant difference (X2=4. 75; P=0.079) in prevalence of BTB between Horro-Jersy cross breed and zebu (Horro) breed at HGCBIC. At Nekemete Abattoir, 70% of the gross lesion was detected in the thoracic cavity while 25% of the lesion was found in the abdominal cavity. Only 31.4% (22/70) of the suspicious lesions yielded colonies of which 19 were acid-fast positive. Further identification of these 19 isolates using multiplex PCR revealed that 17 isolates belong to the Genus Mycobacterium while the remaining two isolates did not show signal to the Genus. Of the 17 isolates that showed signal to the Genus Mycobacterium, 7 were members of Mycobacterium tuberclosis (M. tuberclosis) complex while the remaining 10 isolates were members of the non-M. tuberculosis complex. Further identification and characterization of the M.tuberclosis complex members using RD4 deletion typing identified four isolates with intact RD4 which could be either M. tuberculosis or M. africanum and three isolates with deleted RD4 thus confirmed to be M. bovis. In conclusion, TB lesions were caused by both the members of M. tuberculosis complex and the non-M. tuberclosis complex Mycohacteria. Hence, as the majority of the isolates were the non-M. tuberculosis complex members, the pathogenecity of these members in cattle needs further studyItem Epidemiology of Bovine Tuberculosis in East Wollega Zone, Western Ethiopia(Addis Ababa University, 2010-06-01) Mezene Woyessa; Yasmin JibrilA cross-sectional study was conducted at Nekemte Abattoir and Horro-Guduru Cattle Breeding and Improvement Centre (HGCBIC) from September 2009 to May 2010 to estimate the prevalence of bovine tuberculosis (BTB), and characterize its causative agents using post mortem examination, comparative interadermal tuberculin (CIDT) test, bacteriological culturing, Zeihl Neelsen staining, multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and region of difference-4 (RD4) deletion typing. To accomplish these objectives, 1,186 cattle were recruited into the study from Nekemete Abattoir and 500 cattle from HGCBIC. The prevalence of BTB was 5.9% (701186) at Nekemete Abattoir on the basis of gross lesion while it was 1.8% (9/500) at HGCBIC using ClDT test. There was no significant difference (X2=4. 75; P=0.079) in prevalence of BTB between Horro-Jersy cross breed and zebu (Horro) breed at HGCBIC. At Nekemete Abattoir, 70% of the gross lesion was detected in the thoracic cavity while 25% of the lesion was found in the abdominal cavity. Only 31.4% (22/70) of the suspicious lesions yielded colonies of which 19 were acid-fast positive. Further identification of these 19 isolates using multiplex PCR revealed that 17 isolates belong to the Genus Mycobacterium while the remaining two isolates did not show signal to the Genus. Of the 17 isolates that showed signal to the Genus Mycobacterium, 7 were members of Mycobacterium tuberclosis (M. tuberclosis) complex while the remaining 10 isolates were members of the non-M. tuberculosis complex. Further identification and characterization of the M.tuberclosis complex members using RD4 deletion typing identified four isolates with intact RD4 which could be either M. tuberculosis or M. africanum and three isolates with deleted RD4 thus confirmed to be M. bovis. In conclusion, TB lesions were caused by both the members of M. tuberculosis complex and the non-M. tuberclosis complex Mycohacteria. Hence, as the majority of the isolates were the non-M. tuberculosis complex members, the pathogenecity of these members in cattle needs further studyItem Epidemiology of Peste Des Petits Ruminants, Isolation and Molecular Detection of the Virus in Selected Districts of Awi and Metekel Zones, North West Ethiopia(Addis Abeba University, 2022) Yalew Abiyu; Yasmin JibrilEthiopia possesses huge population of sheep and goats despite the country benefited little from it due to different factors including Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR), highly contagious and economically important trans-boundary disease of small ruminants associated with high morbidity and mortality. Cross-sectional study involving questionnaire survey, retrospective outbreak data, seroprevalence, isolation and molecular data analysis were conducted from February 2020 to May 2021 in selected districts of Awi and Metekel zones with the objective of revealing epidemiological status, isolation and molecular detection of PPRV circulating in the area using c-ELISA and real time PCR. Of the total 714 sera samples tested, 467 (65.4%) were found positive for PPRV antibody. Significantly higher prevalence of 70.7% (236/334, P=0.007, CI=65.4-75.4) in Metekel than Awi zone (60.8%) was observed. Seroprevalence of 66.8% (243/364) in sheep and 64% (224/350) in goats with no statistical significant difference (P> 0.05) was also revealed. In this study, significantly higher seroprevalence was recorded in old animals (75.2%, OR=3.5) than adult (72.7%, OR=2.8) compared to young (52.1%) (CI=2.3-6.2, P=0.000). A prevalence of 64.9% and 54.4% was observed in female and male animals respectively (P=0.000, ꭓ2=13.18). From 42 samples examined with the PCR, 38.1%; 15 (5.7%) goat and 1 (2.4%) sheep were detected positive. The virus was also successfully isolated from VDS cell cultured samples. The questionnaire survey revealed that 89.7% (n=78) of farmers know the disease though most of them are not familiar with prevention and control measures. About 64.1% of them also indicated that PPR outbreakoccurs each year. The retrospective data (2016-2021) showed a total of 632 PPR outbreaks with high morbidity and mortality rate in Benishangul Gumuz the outbreaks being common in dry season. As evidenced from the questionnaire survey, retrospective, serology and molecular detection in addition to the field observation result of this study, PPR is found to be endemic in the study area. The higher PPRV circulation, the usual free animal movement and communal grazing system in the area indicates possibility of further spread within and to other areas. Therefore, it should have get priority attention from control and eradication campaign of the country. Creating awareness to farmers, restricting animal movement and targeted vaccination is necessary to prevent spread of the disease. Further study on sequencing and characterizing the circulating virus to a lineage level is also recommended.Item Epidemiology of Tuberculosis in Camels Slaughtered at Akaki Abattoir, Central Ethiopia(2017-06) Yasmin Jibril; Gezahegn MamoCamels are important sources of milk and meat for the pastoral communities of East Africa as they are adapted to the harsh environment in this region. However, these animals are facing different health constraints including tuberculosis (TB). TB can also be transmitted to pastoralists from camels since their milk is consumed raw and as the pastoralists live in close physical contact with potentially infected camels. However, little data is available on the epidemiology of TB in camels in this region. In addition, the diagnostic performance of the single intra-dermal comparative cervical tuberculin test (SICCT) for diagnosis of TB in camels has not been evaluated in Ethiopia. This study was undertaken between February, 2014 and July, 2016 to investigate the epidemiology of TB and to evaluate the performance of SICCT in camels slaughtered at Akaki abattoir, central Ethiopia. In order to achieve these objectives, a cross-sectional study design was used to recruit 2070 camels for epidemiological studies while the evaluation of SICCT was conducted on 168 camels. Gross pathology was used as a gold standard to define the disease status of each camel. Methodologically, SICCT, post mortem examination, bacteriological culturing and molecular typing were employed. The prevalence of TB in camels slaughtered at Akaki Abattoir was 7.54% (95%CI: 6.45% -8.7%). Statistically significant association (χ2=26.2, p=0.000) was observed between body condition of the camels and lesion prevalence of TB. However, no significant association (p>0.05) was observed between prevalence and either age, sex, or origin of the camels. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that poor body condition was significantly associated [p= 0.000, (Adjusted OR=2.55, 95%CI: 1.743 - 3.734)] as a risk factor for TB in camels. Relatively higher frequency of lesion was detected in female, poor body conditioned, and Borena camels with a proportion of 87.2%, 46.2%, and 84%, respectively. Anatomically, lesion was frequently found in the sub-mandilbular (54.8%) and retro-pharyngeal (16.94%) lymph nodes. Moreover, severe lesion was observed in sub-mandibular (2.47±0.24), retro-pharyngeal (0.35±0.2) and trachea-broncheal (0.35±0.2) lymph nodes. The result of the validation of SICCT showed that at the cut-off value of ≥3mm, the SICCT had optimum performance. At this cut-off value, the sensitivity and specificity of SICCT were 60.7% and 85%, respectively. Moreover, at a cut-off value ≥3mm, the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis revealed that area under the ROC curve was 0.729 (0.615-0.842) which was statistically significant (p=0.000) for sensitivity and specificity evaluation. Of the total 168 camels tissues cultured, 36 camels tissues were culture positive for mycobacteria with the isolation rate of 21.4% (36/168). A total of 80 isolates were harvested from the different lymph node tissues of 36 culture positive camels. Identification of the isolates using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) revealed that 48.8% (39/80) were members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) while the rest were non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). Spoligotyping of the 39 isolates indicated that majority of the isolates (94.9%) identified as orphan strains with no shared spoligotype international type (SIT) in the Spoligotype database while two isolates were identified as SIT-1088 and SIT-118. The lineage of the strains based on Conformal Bayesian Network (CBN) analysis revealed that the dominant lineages were Euro-American (84.6%) and Indo-Oceanic (12.8%) lineages while only one strain was identified as M. africanum lineage (2.6%). The result of the present study suggested the use of ≥3mm cutoff point for the SICCT to diagnose TB in dromedary camels of Ethiopia. Strains of M. tuberculosis identified in camels in the present study could help to elucidate the potential role of camels in the epidemiology of tuberculosis in humans and warrants further investigation as to the transmission dynamics of the disease between pastoralists and their camels which would be helpful to design disease control programs.Item Investigation on Rabies Knowledge, Practices and Determinants of Dog Vaccination and Prevalence of Gastro Intestinal Helminthes among Household With Dogs in Addis Ababa City, Ethiopia(2020-06) Nemera Dinka; Yasmin JibrilA cross sectional study was carried out between November, 2019 to April, 2020 in Addis Ababa City, Ethiopia, with the aims of investigation on rabies knowledge, practices and determinants of dog vaccination and prevalence of gastro intestinal helminthes among household with dogs. On the study regarding questionnaire interview, a total of 230 households were enrolled and data collected using structured questionnaire and feacal samples was taken from those dogs reared by household interviewed at the same time. Males recruited for this study made up 47.39% (109/230) of all respondents with 121 (52.61%) females interviewed. The mean ages were 43.5 and with an age range of 18-79 years for all respondents. 87(37.83%) of all study participants had attained secondary education. Majority (38.26%) were privately employed. Factors significantly associated with a respondent having a vaccinated dog on included having higher education, when was their dog vaccinated (<6 months and 6-12 months), Rabies modes of transmission, right treatment when exposed to rabies (antibiotics and tetanus without anti-rabies and human post exposure vaccine) and practices Practice on suspected rabid dog (report to veterinary practitioner). In other hand the study aims at investigating the prevalence of the gastro intestinal helminthes of dogs. Out of 230 dogs sampled, 25.2% (n=58) were positive for Ancyclostoma spp., 20.4% (n=47), 10% (n=23), 7.8% (n=18) and 18.3% (n=42) were positive for Dipylidium caninum, Taenia spp., Trichuris spp. and Toxocara spp. respectively. Study pointed out that 80 dogs were free of the above described parasites (65.22%). Concurrent infections with one species of helminthes were more common (53.48%) than infection with two (8.26%), three (2.17%) and four (1.30%) helminthes parasites species and there was no statistically significant difference (P>0.05) of Ancyclostoma spp. Dipylidium caninum, Taenia spp., Trichuris spp. and Toxocara spp. between sex, age, breed and body condition groups.Item Seroprevalence Study of Bovine Brucellosis in Two Districts of East Gojjam Zone of Amhara Regional State(Addis Ababa University, 2011-04-30) Bedilu Ayalew; Yasmin JibrilA cross sectional sero-prevalence study was conducted on 600 cattle in Machakel and Dejen districts of East Gojjam administrative zone, Amhara region, Ethiopia, to investigate the status of bovine brucellosis and identify potential risk factors associated with the disease. Sera samples were analyzed using Rose Bengal Plate Test and Complement Fixation Test to detect specific antibodies against Brucella abortus. Overall sero-prevalence of bovine brucellosis in the study districts of Amhara region was found to be S.3% (32/600). However, no statistically significant difference (P>O.OS , P=0.467) in seroprevalence was observed between the two study districts, Machakel (6%) and Dejen (4.7%). The sero-prevalence was closely associated with some of the risk factors considered at individual animal. Both univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses showed statistically significant association (p=0.008, OR= S.7) was observed between brucellosis seropositivity and Kebeles. In contrast, risk of seropositivity was no statistically associated (P>O.OS) with risk factors such as breed, age, and sex. Questionnaire survey results of 120 respondent fanners (households) to gather information about bovine brucellosis in the study districts showed that, 61 (SO.8%) of cattle owners were not aware of bovine brucellosis, 81 (67 .S%) had no separate calving pen, and 107(89.2%) did not practice safe disposal of fetal membrane and aborted fetuses. The occurrence of abortion, stillbirth and retained foetal membranes were also high 79(6S.8%) in their animals. Most of peasants, 74(61.7%) used natural breeding mating, 40(33.3%) opted AI and 6(S.0 %) used both artificial insemination and natural breeding methods. In conclusion, this study showed bovine brucellosis was prevalent in the study area, however, the occurrence of the disease, its effect as a major cause of abortion was not recognized including its public health implication.Item Seroprevalence Study of Bovine Brucellosis in Two Districts of East Gojjam Zone of Amhara Regional State(Addis Ababa University, 2011-04-30) Bedilu Ayalew; Yasmin JibrilA cross sectional sero-prevalence study was conducted on 600 cattle in Machakel and Dejen districts of East Gojjam administrative zone, Amhara region, Ethiopia, to investigate the status of bovine brucellosis and identify potential risk factors associated with the disease. Sera samples were analyzed using Rose Bengal Plate Test and Complement Fixation Test to detect specific antibodies against Brucella abortus. Overall sero-prevalence of bovine brucellosis in the study districts of Amhara region was found to be S.3% (32/600). However, no statistically significant difference (P>O.OS , P=0.467) in seroprevalence was observed between the two study districts, Machakel (6%) and Dejen (4.7%). The sero-prevalence was closely associated with some of the risk factors considered at individual animal. Both univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses showed statistically significant association (p=0.008, OR= S.7) was observed between brucellosis seropositivity and Kebeles. In contrast, risk of seropositivity was no statistically associated (P>O.OS) with risk factors such as breed, age, and sex. Questionnaire survey results of 120 respondent fanners (households) to gather information about bovine brucellosis in the study districts showed that, 61 (SO.8%) of cattle owners were not aware of bovine brucellosis, 81 (67 .S%) had no separate calving pen, and 107(89.2%) did not practice safe disposal of fetal membrane and aborted fetuses. The occurrence of abortion, stillbirth and retained foetal membranes were also high 79(6S.8%) in their animals. Most of peasants, 74(61.7%) used natural breeding mating, 40(33.3%) opted AI and 6(S.0 %) used both artificial insemination and natural breeding methods. In conclusion, this study showed bovine brucellosis was prevalent in the study area, however, the occurrence of the disease, its effect as a major cause of abortion was not recognized including its public health implication.