Browsing by Author "Bekele, Solomon"

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    Agroforestry a Diversified Agriculture Accommodating Dense Population: The Case of Yirgacheffe Woreda, Gedeo Zone, Snnpr, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2011-01) Bekele, Solomon; Gebreselassie, Kidist (PhD)
    Ethiopia, as in many sub-Saharan African countries is undergoing extensive environmental degradation. This is manifesting itself through rapid deforestation, thinning of tree cover, soil erosion and declining soil productivity. Various explanations have been given for the causes of such degradation. Among the causes, the population growth-environment nexus has been extensively debated. As a result, contrasting views, i.e., the "Malthusian" and the "Boserupian" emerged. Similarly land degradation in sub-Saharan Africa is a subject of an on-going debate. Conflicting perspectives emerged on the effects of increasing population on land degradation. The bulk of literature emphasizes that land degradation is caused mainly by population pressure and several related issues, while a recently growing literature views population pressure as an important resource for conserving the environment through enhancing intensive farming of the agroforestry system. The thesis aims at analyzing important components of the Gedeo agroforestry system namely IK, inclusion of varied large trees and crop diversity on household farms in the face of intense demographic pressure. The potential effects of demographic variables on the IK of agroforestry system, inclusion of diverse large trees, and the diversity of crops is analyzed by setting out three specific objectives. Data obtained from a survey of 420 sample households, Focus Group Discussions and Key informant interviews in 4 kebeles ofYirgachaffe woreda is employedfor the analysis. Regression models are estimated to analyze the potential effect of demographic variables on IK of agrofores!IY practice, and the relationship between demographic variables and the inclusion of diverse large trees in croplands and to identify variables that explain the farm level crop diversity. Results indicate that demographic pressure through a positive influence on the components of the agroforestry system, namely, IK system of the community, inclusion and conservation of more diverse large trees in croplands, and diversity of crop species on household farms is likely to enhance environmental conservation and agricultural production in the Gedeo setting. Hence, the intriguing question of how the study area is able to accommodate the high population density without facing serious environmental issues finds part of the explanation from the evidence that population pressure enhances the key environmental components of the agroforestry system. This suggests that taking action to devising a way of transferring IKfrom the bigger sized and older households to the smaller sized and younger households, enhancing information and input sharing on the management of diverse large trees, and raising the capacity of small sized and female headed households is a useful strategy 10 enhance the important components of Ihe Gedeo agroforestry system and thereby conserve the environment.
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    Design of Lift and its Control Using FPGA for Machine Tower of Assela Malt Factory
    (Addis Ababa University, 2020-06) Bekele, Solomon; Mengesha, Mamo (PhD)
    ssela malt factory has different subsection needed for processing of barley. The machine tower is one which has high frightening feature to climb up or to come down over floor stories. Due to this higher officials of the factory couldn’t see top floor machines and problems. Workers of the factory has a problem to transport motors and materials in case of problem occurrence for replacement. So, designing a lift for this room/subsection can hinder these mentioned problems. Most previous known elevators/lifts are designed using conventional PLC technology. PLC provides flexibility, lower cost and security compared to other control techniques. But these technology has series-cycling implementation on rungs and takes long duration to address the command signal. However, the FPGA programing technique can executes programs in parallel, hence, give fast response for the command signal given to it as input. In this thesis, lift control is designed and simulated using embedded Xilinx FPGA into Matlab Simulink platform. VHDL code could be generated from Simulink controller block of lift model. The Simulink model simulation result demonstrates that the lift is operating within design specification. It is designed that the lift has a linear speed of 1.25m/s, and acceleration of 0.8m/s^2 (-0.8 m/s^2 deceleration). Five floor level efficient lift logic control system is designed and simulated using XILINX ISE 8.1i stateCAD. By changing the state diagram, VHDL code is generated and used to implement control system on FPGA Spartan-3E. State Bench simulator is used to simulate results of proposed control system. The logic based controller for door opening, closing and level indication all are functioning according to design.
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    The Impact of Women's Education in the Fight Against Poverty: The Case of Jijiga Zone
    (Addis Ababa University, 2010-06) Bekele, Solomon; Leka, Wanna (Associate Professor )
    The aim of the study is to investigate the impact of women '5 education in the fight against poverty in Ethiopian context. The target population was literate and illiterate women born and living in Jijiga zone of the Somali Regional State. The first group includes those women who at least completed the first cycle of primary education given in formal schools and are living and working in the zone. However, the second group was those illiterate women born and living in the zone. Based on Lypse 's power analysis of sample size table, a total of 200 women, 100 from each group with significance level of p ~ O. 05, power criteria of about 0.95, and effect size of 0.5 was drawn from randomly selected two woredos of the zone. In addition, a total of 3 schools, that is, 2 from among 6 schools in Jijiga. and 1 from 2 schoolsIrom Babile were also randomly selected as samples for school based data on drop out and repeater children in the zone. Data was interpreted using bivariate statistical analyses. The results show that literate and illiterate women differed to statistically significant extent in their level of participation in community groups and decision making positions, as well as in the extent of their control over house hold income in favor of the former. The number of school drop out and repeater children who have illiterate mothers are also reported to be greater than those who have .iterate mothers. Other than academic differences, the difference between literate and illiterate women was found to be a function of their differences in access to media! information and their perception on the extent of effect of early marriage and circumcision on women and girls. Their perception on the extent of effect of early marriage and circumcision also significantly differ in favor of the literate women. However, no variation was found in perceiving higher reproductive and domestic work of women, and unequal gender relations between male and females within households as factors affecting women and girls in the society. Implications of the findings for planners, administrators and policy makers are discussed.
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    Mini-cholecystectomy: A 5-year retrospective cross-sectional study
    (Addis Abeba University, 2020-10) Bekele, Solomon; Prof.Ersumo, Tessema( Ass. Professor of Surgery, CHS, AAUandProfessor of Surgery); Tamirat, Girmaye(MD, Consultant General and EndocrineSurgeon)
    Background: Gallstone disease is one of the most common surgical pathology. cholecystectomy is main mode of management for gallstones. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy, open cholecystectomy, and mini cholecystectomy are options for surgical removal of the gallbladder.Several studies showed that minicholecystectomy offers minimal trauma to the patient with similar complication rate. Objectives: This study is aimed to determine and analyze the outcomes of Mini-Cholecystectomy performed at Betezatha General Hospital from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2019. Patients and Methods: A 5-Year retrospective cross-sectional study ofall patients who underwent mini-cholecystectomies from January 1, 2014 through December 31, 2019 at Betezatha General Hospital. Results: A total of 206 patients underwent mini-cholecystectomy. With a male to female ratio of 1:6. Most patients (57%) presented with RUQ pain. Almost 70% of patients were found to have at least one comorbidity along with gallstone disease. The average operation time was 35minutes. Patients with chronic contracted cholecystitis were found to have difficult minicholecystectomy. Conversion rate to standard cholecystectomy was 2.9%. Bile duct injury occurred in 1 patient (0.45%). Almost all patients (98%) had hospital stay of less than 72hrs. Conclusions: Mini-cholecystectomy is a safe method of cholecystectomy which can be practiced in a resource limited setting without undue complications.
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    Narrative Time and Mode in Firebrands and Somebody’s Daughter: A Comparative Study
    (Addis Ababa University, 2022-01) Bekele, Solomon; Daniel PhD, Abiye
    Although Ethiopian novelists have started writing novels in English since long ago, researchers doesn‟t seem to have the desire to analyze those novels from the perspective of narrative techniques. This thesis attempts to analyze Sahle Sellassie‟s „Firebrands‟(1979) and Hiwot Walelign‟s „Somebody‟s Daughter‟(2018) from the perspective of narrative techniques with respect to Narrative Time and Mode. It deals with the comparative analysis of the two novels pointing out their strong and weak sides. The findings indicate the two novels share similarity in the above mentioned elements of narrative technique with some differences. Both narrators also share similarity in narrative time with some differences. Although both of them deviate in the order of the events, the narrator in Somebody‟s Daughter(2018) deviates more in her order of presentation.In terms of duration both novels share similarity because of the discourse time being shorter than the story time although the discourse time is much shorter in Somebody‟s Daughter (2018) than Firebrands (1979). In terms of frequency more iterative, the second type of singulative telling and repetitive telling are used in Somebody‟s Daughter (2018) than in Firebrands (1979). With regard to narrative mode scenic presentation and dialogues are the favored method in Firebrands (1979) but summary is chosen by the narrator in Somebody‟s Daughter(2018).All the differences are attributed to the volume of the respective novels because Firebrands (1979) having more pages than Somebody‟s Daughter(2018) gives greater opportunity for the narrator to use more dialogues and scenic presentation
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    Patient Satisfaction with Nursing Care in Medical and Surgical Wards of Government Hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, May 2009
    (Addis Ababa University, 2009-05) Bekele, Solomon; Tachbele, Erdaw (PhD)
    Background: patient satisfaction with nursing care has been found to be the most important predictor of over all patients’ satisfaction with hospital care. Nursing practice is patient driven and patient centered. Accordingly, patient satisfaction has been strongly advocated by nursing professionals to be an important indictor of quality of nursing care delivery. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess patient’s satisfactions with nursing care provided in medical and surgical wards of government hospitals in Addis Ababa. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in three governments hospitals namely Back lion, St. Paul and Yekatit 12, in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from July 2008 to June 2009, The study population was adult patients who were admitted to the medical and surgical words of the study hospitals and stayed for at least seven days. The data coactions tool was a modified Newcastle satisfaction with Nursing scale (NSNS). Data analysis was computed by SPSS. Ethical clearance was secured from medical faculty, IRB office A.A.U. and study hospitals. Participation in this study was voluntary and based on patient’s ability to given informed consent. Result: A total of 450 adult patients from medical and surgical wards were approached from the study hospitals and 435 of them participated in this study (non-response rare was (3.4%). Participants who were males, age group 18-30 years old, stayed in the ward of for 7-15 day and have no history of previous admission were more satisfied. The overall rating of satisfaction was 56.3%. The top aspects that patients scored highest for their satisfaction with nursing care were the amount of privacy nurses gave to patients, the amount of freedom given on the ward and nurses manner in going about their work. The aspects with which patients least scored were the amount of time nurses spent with patients’, nurses awareness of patient needs the amount and type of information nurses gave to patients about their condition and treatment. Income and having other disease in addition to cause of admission were the significant predictors of patient satisfaction with nursing care (P<0.05). Implementation of individual nursing care plan and improving therapeutic nurse-patient communication were recommended. JEY WORDS: Nursing care, patient satisfaction.